The Celts were ancient peoples of Europe, known for their rich culture and strong tribal societies. They were fierce warriors, famous for their bravery in battle, skilled use of weapons, and fearsome reputation among their enemies., , The Celtic tribes of the British Isles included the Britons, who lived in England and Wales, the Picts in northern Scotland, the Scots (Gaels) who migrated from Ireland to western Scotland, and the Irish Gaels in Ireland. , , Celtic society was organized into social classes, including warriors, farmers, and skilled workers, and was guided by an important learned class. Druids were priests, judges, and teachers responsible for religion, law, and knowledge. Bards were poets and musicians who preserved history, myths, and genealogy through storytelling and song, while chiefs and kings led tribes and protected their people., , Celtic gods were closely connected to nature and natural forces. They were associated with elements such as rivers, forests, animals, the sun, and the land, and were believed to protect fertility, seasons, and life cycles., , Celtic houses were usually roundhouses made from wooden frames, wattle and daub walls, and thatched roofs. They were designed to keep warmth inside and protect families and animals from bad weather., , Celtic women generally had more freedom than women in many other ancient societies. They could own property, inherit land, choose their husbands, and divorce. Some women became warriors, leaders, or druids., , Queen Boudica was a Celtic queen of the Iceni tribe who led a major rebellion against Roman rule in Britain around AD 60–61., , Celtic art was highly decorative and symbolic, featuring spirals, knots, circles, and plant and animal shapes. It was often used to decorate weapons, jewelry, stone carvings., , Celtic languages had two main groups: Goidelic (Gaelic), spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man, and Brythonic (Brittonic), spoken in Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany., , The Celtic calendar was based on the cycles of the sun, moon, and seasons rather than fixed dates. It marked important festivals that celebrated nature, harvests, and seasonal changes, such as Samhain (the start of winter), Beltane (the beginning of summer), Imbolc (early spring), and Lughnasadh (harvest)., , Runes are letters from ancient alphabets used by Germanic and some Celtic peoples before the adoption of the Latin alphabet. Each rune had a sound, a name, and often a symbolic meaning, sometimes linked to magic, protection, or prophecy..

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