Switch, A device that connects multiple devices in one local network and sends data to the right spot., Router, The "traffic cop" that connects different networks together and directs data to the internet., Cables, Physical wires, like Ethernet, used to carry data signals between different hardware parts., WAP (Wireless Access Point), A device that lets Wi-Fi gadgets connect to a wired network without using a cable., Client, A device, like your phone, that asks for information or a service from another computer., Server, A powerful computer that "serves" or provides websites and files to clients when asked., System, A collection of hardware and software working together to perform a specific task., Connection Device, Any piece of hardware, like a modem or network card, that links a computer to a network., Data Packet, A small unit of data broken into pieces so it can be easily sent across a network., Header, The front part of a packet containing "shipping info" like the sender’s and receiver’s addresses., Payload (Data), The actual piece of information (like a bit of a photo) being carried inside a packet., Trailer, The end of a packet used to check for errors and make sure the data isn't broken., TCP, A reliable set of rules that ensures all data packets arrive in the correct order., UDP, A fast set of rules that sends data quickly without checking if it actually arrived., IP Address, A unique numerical label assigned to every device so the network knows its location., MAC Address, A permanent "serial number" built into a device's network hardware at the factory., Network Port, A virtual "doorway" with a number that specific apps use to enter or exit a computer., 3-Way Handshake, The "Hello-Hello Back-Ready" process used to start a secure connection between devices., Browser, An application, like Chrome or Safari, used to view websites on the internet., Service, A specific program running on a server, such as an email or a website host., Vulnerability, A weakness or "hole" in a system's security, like leaving a window unlocked., Exploit, The specific tool or code used to take advantage of a security weakness., Payload (Malicious), The harmful action a hacker takes after getting into a system, like stealing files., Worm, A type of bad software that copies itself and spreads across networks automatically., Virus, Malicious code that needs a human to do something, like click a link, to spread..

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