Who is the theorist associated with the "Life-Span Perspective" involving growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss?, A. Sigmund Freud, B. Paul Baltes, C. Erik Erikson, D. Albert Bandura, Which characteristic of the life-span perspective states that development does not end at early adulthood?, A. Multidimensional, B. Multidirectional, C. Lifelong, D. Plastic, The capacity for change throughout development is referred to as:, A. Contextualism, B. Plasticity, C. Multidirectionality, D. Organismic, Konrad Lorenz is famous for studying __________, an automatic and irreversible process in early life., A. Reinforcement, B. Scaffolding, C. Imprinting, D. Social Learning, A _________ period is a specific time when a given event (or its absence) has a specific impact on development., A. Critical, B. Sensitive, C. Latent, D. Reactive, Which model views people as "machines" that react to environmental input?, A. Organismic, B. Mechanistic, C. Psychosocial, D. Evolutionary, In the "Active or Reactive" debate, the Organismic model views the human as:, A. A passive recipient of environmental stimuli, B. A machine-like entity, C. An active, growing organism, D. A collection of reinforcements, If development is seen as a gradual, incremental refinement of skills, it is considered:, A. Discontinuous, B. Static, C. Continuous, D. Multidimensional, According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the "Pleasure Principle"?, A. Ego, B. Superego, C. Id, D. Preconscious, The "Reality Principle" is the governing force of the:, A. Id, B. Ego, C. Superego, D. Unconscious, In Freud’s Iceberg analogy, the part of the mind containing instincts and desires below the surface is the:, A. Conscious, B. Preconscious, 3. Unconscious, D. Ego, Which part of the personality represents the "conscience" and social "shoulds"?, A. Id, B. Ego, C. Superego, D. Libido, Erik Erikson’s theory is known as:, A. Psychosexual Development, B. Psychosocial Development, C. Cognitive Development, D. Operant Conditioning, What is the "virtue" associated with Erikson's first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust?, A. Will, B. Purpose, C. Hope, D. Fidelity, A toddler struggling between Autonomy and Shame/Doubt is in which of Erikson's stages?, A. Stage 1, B. Stage 2, C. Stage 3, D. Stage 4, What is the crisis faced during Adolescence according to Erikson?, A. Initiative vs. Guilt, B. Industry vs. Inferiority, C. Identity vs. Identity Confusion, D. Intimacy vs. Isolation, The virtue of "Wisdom" is achieved in which stage?, A. Middle Adulthood, B. Young Adulthood, C. Late Adulthood, D. Adolescence, Which process increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?, A. Punishment, B. Extinction, C. Reinforcement, D. Modeling, Taking away an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior is called:, A. Positive Reinforcement, B. Negative Reinforcement, C. Positive Punishment, D. Negative Punishment, Albert Bandura is the primary theorist for:, A. Operant Conditioning, B. Classical Conditioning, C. Social Cognitive Theory, D. Psychosexual Theory, Bandura’s concept of "Modeling" is also known as:, A. Observational Learning, B. Latent Learning, C. Trial and Error, D. Mechanistic Learning, The idea that a person acts on the world as the world acts on the person is called:, A. Imprinting, B. Reciprocal Determinism, C. Organismic Change, D. Plasticity, Which of the following is NOT one of Baltes' tenets?, A. Development is Multidimensional, B. Development is Plastic, C. Development is Unidirectional, D. Development is Contextual, A "Sensitive Period" differs from a "Critical Period" because it is:, A. Less rigid and more flexible, B. Entirely irreversible, C. Only found in animals, D. Only related to physical growth, Discontinuous development is most associated with which model?, A. Mechanistic, B. Organismic, C. Behavioral, D. Continuous, In the Iceberg model, information that is not currently conscious but can be easily retrieved is in the:, A. Unconscious, B. Non-conscious, C. Preconscious, D. Sub-id, Erikson’s Stage 4 (Middle Childhood) involves the crisis of:, A. Trust vs. Mistrust, B. Industry vs. Inferiority, C. Generativity vs. Stagnation, D. Intimacy vs. Isolation, The virtue of "Care" is associated with:, A. Young Adulthood, B. Adolescence, C. Middle Adulthood, D. Late Adulthood, Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior is:, A. Negative Reinforcement, B. Positive Punishment, C. Negative Punishment, D. Positive Reinforcement, Freud’s "Ego" acts as a:, A. Judge, B. Mediator, C. Moral Compass, D. Driver of impulses, Which stage of Erikson occurs in Young Adulthood?, A. Identity vs. Confusion, B. Intimacy vs. Isolation, C. Generativity vs. Stagnation, D. Integrity vs. Despair, B.F. Skinner is to Operant Conditioning as Bandura is to:, A. Psychoanalysis, B. Observational Learning, C. Attachment Theory, D. Imprinting, When a child learns to say "please" because they saw their sibling get a cookie for it, this is:, A. Positive Reinforcement, B. Observational Learning, C. Negative Reinforcement, D. Mechanistic Dilation, The process where sperm and ovum combine to create a zygote is:, A. Parturition, B. Mitosis, C. Fertilization, D. Implantation, Dizygotic twins are also known as:, A. Identical twins, B. Fraternal twins, C. Monozygotic twins, D. Clones, Monozygotic twins result from:, A. Two eggs and one sperm, B. Two eggs and two sperm, C. One egg and two sperm, D. The cleaving of one fertilized egg, How many pairs of chromosomes do humans typically have?, A. 46, B. 23, C. 22, D. 48, The 23rd pair of chromosomes determines:, A. Eye color, B. IQ, C. Sex, D. Height, A male’s 23rd chromosomal pair is:, A. XX, B. YY, C. XY, D. XO, The underlying genetic makeup of an individual is the:, A. Phenotype, B. Genotype, C. Allele, D. Karyotype, The observable characteristics (like hair color or dimples) are the:, A. Genotype, B. Archetype, C. Phenotype, D. Stereotype, If an individual has two different alleles for a trait, they are:, A. Homozygous, B. Heterozygous, C. Hemizygous, D. Monozygotic, Which allele is always expressed if present?, A. Recessive, B. Dominant, C. Passive, D. Active, Which disorder is a metabolic condition that can be prevented by a special diet?, A. Cystic Fibrosis, B. Down Syndrome, C. Phenylketonuria (PKU), D. Hemophilia, Down Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome on the _________ pair., A. 13th, B. 18th, C. 21st, D. 23rd, When parents provide both the genes and the environment for a child, it is a _________ correlation., A. Passive, B. Reactive, C. Active, D. Niche-picking, "Niche-picking" is another name for which genotype-environment correlation?, A. Passive, B. Reactive, C. Active, D. Evocative, A happy, outgoing baby receiving more social stimulation is an example of a _________ correlation., A. Passive, B. Reactive, C. Active, D. Negative, Which stage of prenatal development lasts from fertilization to 2 weeks?, A. Embryonic, B. Fetal, C. Germinal, D. Gestational, The Embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks) is considered a "critical stage" because of:, A. Rapid weight gain, B. Organogenesis, C. Implantation, D. Fetal movement, The process of organ and major body system development is:, A. Parturition, B. Organogenesis, C. Meiosis, D. Quickening, The final stage of prenatal development (8 weeks to birth) is the:, A. Germinal Stage, B. Embryonic Stage, C. Fetal Stage, D. Neonatal Stage, Any environmental agent that can cause birth defects is a:, A. Pathogen, B. Teratogen, C. Allele, D. Mutagen, Which drug was responsible for babies being born with stunted or missing limbs in the 1960s?, A. Ibuprofen, B. Thalidomide, C. Penicillin, D. Nicotine, The leading cause of intellectual disability in the U.S. linked to prenatal exposure is:, A. Caffeine, B. Alcohol, C. Marijuana, D. Aspartame, What is the single most important factor in low birth weight according to the modules?, A. Maternal Age, B. Alcohol, C. Nicotine, D. Stress, Which prenatal assessment uses high-frequency sound waves?, A. Amniocentesis, B. Ultrasound, C. CVS, D. Fetoscopy, Which procedure involves sampling the fluid surrounding the fetus?, A. Ultrasound, B. Amniocentesis, C. Chorionic Villus Sampling, D. Embryoscopy, In the computation of phenotype, if "D" is dominant (dimples) and "d" is recessive (no dimples), what is the phenotype of "Dd"?, A. No dimples, B. Dimples, C. One dimple, D. Faded dimples, What are the odds of two "Dd" parents having a child with no dimples (dd)?, A. 0%, B. 25%, C. 50%, D. 75%, Which of the following is a chromosomal abnormality, not just a genetic one?, A. PKU, B. Hemophilia, C. Down Syndrome, D. Cystic Fibrosis, The male gamete is the _________ and the female gamete is the _________., A. Zygote; Embryo, B. Sperm; Ovum, C. Chromosome; DNA, D. X; Y, The process of cell division in the Germinal stage is called:, A. Mitosis, B. Meiosis, C. Fertilization, D. Differentiation, If a woman is over 35, she is often encouraged to get _________ to check for Down Syndrome., A. A massage, B. Amniocentesis, C. More Vitamin C, D. A C-section, Which of the following is NOT a teratogen?, A. Rubella, B. Lead, C. Folic Acid, D. Mercury, "Parturition" is the technical term for:, A. Conception, B. The act of giving birth, C. Breastfeeding, D. Puberty, "False labor" contractions are known as:, A. Apgar pulses, B. Braxton-Hicks, C. Vernix spikes, D. Meconium, At what point does the first stage of labor typically end?, A. When the placenta is delivered, B. When the baby's head emerges, C. When the cervix is fully dilated to 10cm, D. When the water breaks, Which hormone triggers uterine contractions and labor?, A. Estrogen, B. Progesterone, C. Oxytocin, D. Testosterone, Electronic Fetal Monitoring tracks the fetus’s _________ during labor., A. Breathing, B. Heartbeat, C. Eye movement, D. Temperature, A baby weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lbs) at birth is categorized as:, A. Preterm, B. Small-for-Date, C. Low Birth Weight (LBW), D. Micro-infant, A baby born before completing 37 weeks of gestation is:, A. Small-for-Date, B. Postmature, C. Preterm, D. Average, Which intervention involves skin-to-skin contact to help LBW babies?, A. Isolette Care, B. Kangaroo Care, C. Hydrotherapy, D. Swaddle Care, A heated, glass-enclosed crib used for high-risk newborns is an:, A. Isolette, B. Ultrasound, C. EFM, D. Amnion, SIDS stands for:, A. Sudden Infant Dietary Stress, B. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, C. Severe Infant Digestion Sickness, D. Standard Infant Development Stage, To prevent SIDS, the "Back to Sleep" campaign recommends infants sleep on their:, A. Stomachs, B. Sides, C. Backs, D. Parent's lap, Which of the following is a risk factor for SIDS?, A. Using a firm mattress, B. Sleeping with a pacifier, C. Exposure to tobacco smoke, D. Sleeping in a cool room, SIDS is often called "crib death" and is most common between ages:, A. 0–1 month, B. 2–4 months, C. 12–18 months, D. 2–3 years, A possible biological cause of SIDS is a defect in the:, A. Heart valves, B. Brain stem, C. Lungs, D. Spine, Which of the following reduces the risk of SIDS?, A. Soft bedding/pillows, B. Using a pacifier at sleep time, C. Overheating the room, D. Sleeping on the stomach, Which stage of labor is the longest?, A. First Stage, B. Second Stage, C. Third Stage, D. Fourth Stage, The second stage of labor ends with:, A. Delivery of the placenta, B. Full dilation, C. Emergence of the baby from the mother's body, D. The first contraction, The third stage of labor involves the:, A. Breaking of the water, B. Crowning of the head, C. Delivery of the placenta, D. First feeding, What is the standard score used to assess a newborn's condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth?, A. IQ Score, B. Apgar Scale, C. Brazelton Scale, & D. Baltes Scale, Which letter in APGAR stands for the baby’s skin color?, A. Appearance, B. Activity, C. Adaptation, D. Alertness, A score of 0–3 on the Apgar scale indicates:, A. The baby is in excellent condition, B. The baby needs some help breathing, C. A life-threatening emergency, D. The baby is sleeping, The oily substance on a newborn's skin that protects against infection is:, A. Lanugo, B. Vernix Caseosa, C. Meconium, D. Fontanels, The fine, fuzzy hair on a newborn is called:, A. Vernix, B. Lanugo, C. Cilia, D. Follicles, A stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract:, A. Vernix, B. Colostrum, C. Meconium, D. Bilirubin, Neonatal jaundice is caused by an immaturity of the:, A. Heart, B. Kidneys, C. Liver, D. Lungs, Anoxia refers to a lack of:, A. Food, B. Sleep, C. Oxygen, D. Warmth, The "soft spots" on a baby's head are called:, A. Sutures, B. Fontanels, C. Scalpels, D. Pores, Most newborns sleep about how many hours a day?, A. 8 hours, B. 12 hours, C. 18 hours, D. 22 hours, Which reflex causes a baby to turn its head toward a touch on the cheek?, A. Moro reflex, B. Rooting reflex, C. Babinski reflex, D. Darwinian reflex, The "startle reflex" where a baby throws out its arms is the:, A. Rooting reflex, B. Tonic neck reflex, C. Moro reflex, D. Walking reflex, Which sense is the least developed at birth?, A. Hearing, B. Smell, C. Taste, D. Vision, Infants prefer to look at:, A. Solid colors, B. Complex patterns and faces, C. Stationary objects, D. Dim lights, A mother's first milk, high in protein and antibodies, is:, A. Formula, B. Colostrum, C. Casein, D. Lactose, Nonorganic Failure to Thrive is often associated with:, A. Genetic defects, B. Lack of emotional support and affection, C. Poor water quality, D. Excessive exercise, Shaken Baby Syndrome can cause:, A. Brain damage, B. Paralysis, C. Death, D. All of the above.

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