Windows, An operating system developed by Microsoft, widely used on personal computers and laptops., Linux, An open-source operating system known for its security, stability, and widespread use in servers and cloud systems., MacOS, An OS developed by Apple for Mac computers. It is mainly used for personal productivity, creative work, video editing and music production., Operating System, The most important software on a computer that manages hardware, software, memory, and communication between the user and the computer., Punch Cards, Cards with holes used to input programs into early computers. An early way to store and input programs and data into a computer., GUI, Graphical User Interface: Interface using icons, buttons, menus, and windows., Booting / Bootstrap Process, The startup process when the computer loads the operating system., System Call, When a program asks the operating system to do a task like saving files, reading data, or accessing hardware., Device Driver, Software that helps the OS communicate with hardware devices., Open Source, Software whose source code can be modified and distributed freely. Like a recipe you can freely read and adapt. , Kernel, The core part (like the heart) of an operating system that manages the computer’s hardware and helps software run., Android and iOS, Mobile Operating Systems.

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