1) A deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a feature essential to the object or phenomenon. a) Litotes b) Hyperbole c) Meiosis d) Metonymy 2) A statement that depicts something important in terms that lessen or belittle it. a) Hyperbole b) Synecdoche c) Litotes d) Meiosis 3) A special form of understatement where a positive or strong assertion is made by negating its opposite. a) Litotes b) Meiosis c) Hyperbole d) Periphrasis 4)  A transference of the name or quality of one object, being, or phenomenon to another, based on their associated similarity (analogy) of features or properties. a) Hyperbole b) Metaphor c) Metonymy d) Synecdoche 5) The transference of a name from one object to another based on close association (contiguity) in reality, not similarity. a) Metaphor b) Meiosis c) Metonymy d) Antonomasia 6) A type of metonymy based on quantitative relationship: a substitution where a part is used for the whole or the whole is used for a part. a) Periphrasis b) Synecdoche c) Euphemism d) Personification 7) The replacement of a direct name of a thing or phenomenon by its description. a) Metaphor b) Periphrasis c) Metonymy d) Personification 8) A word or phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a more acceptable one (a synonym) a) Irony b) Periphrasis c) Euphemism d) Litotes 9)  The substitution of a proper name for a common name, or vice versa, based on a striking quality. a) Antonomasia b) Metonymy c) Irony d) Personification 10) A specialized metaphor that attributes human qualities, actions, or feelings to inanimate objects, animals, or abstract ideas. a) Allegory b) Antonomasia c) Personification d) Epithet 11) An extended metaphor where the entire narrative, plot, and characters symbolize abstract ideas, events, or moral qualities. a) Personification b) Synecdoche c) Antonomasia d) Allegory 12) A stylistic device where the literal meaning contrasts with the intended meaning often to create a humorous, critical, or expressive effect. a) Epithet b) Allegory c) Irony d) Metonymy 13) A stylistic device based on the interplay of logical and emotive meanings, used to characterize an object and express the speaker’s emotional attitude to it. a) Metaphor b) Metonymy c) Periphrasis d) Epithet

Figures of Substitution/Replacement

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