Which term refers to children who are exposed to more than one language from the moment of their earliest childhood?, Sequential bilinguals., Subtractive bilinguals., Simultaneous bilinguals., Academic bilinguals., Lily Wong Fillmore (2000) observed that when children are "submerged" in a different language without support for their family language:, They acquire the new language much faster than their peers., Their development of the family language may be slowed down or stalled., They automatically become more proficient in academic discourse., Their relationship with grandparents and relatives is significantly strengthened., Educators generally recommend that parents stop speaking their native "family language" at home to help the child learn the school language faster., True, False, Code-switching among bilingual speakers is described as:, random and unstructured, a sign of incomplete language acquisition, limited to children only, patterned and often predictable, Which situation best illustrates subtractive bilingualism as described by Wallace Lambert (1987)?, A child develops literacy in two languages simultaneously, A child learns a school language while maintaining the family language, A child uses two languages interchangeably at home, A child loses the family language while learning the school language, According to Virginia Collier (1989), acquiring age-appropriate CALP generally:, takes a few months, requires several years, develops naturally without instruction, develops before BICS, Research by Ellen Bialystok suggests that bilingualism can have positive effects on metalinguistic awareness and cognitive flexibility., True, False, Which of the following best explains why teachers may overestimate second language learners’ academic abilities?, Because BICS and CALP develop simultaneously, Because social fluency is often mistaken for academic proficiency, Because academic language is easier than conversational language, Because vocabulary size directly reflects conceptual understanding, Which of the following best describes "additive bilingualism"? , Maintaining the home language while simultaneously learning a second language., Replacing the home language with the school language as quickly as possible., Learning two languages but only using one in professional environments., A situation where the loss of the first language leads to psychological problems., there is strong scientific evidence supporting the myth that learning more than one language in early childhood interferes with a child's cognitive development., True, False, Sequential bilinguals" are children who are exposed to more than one language from the moment they are born, True, False, According to research discussed in the text, acquiring CALP (cognitive academic language proficiency) usually takes less time than acquiring BICS (basic interpersonal communication skills) , True, False, Children who appear fluent in social interactions at school may still lack the academic language skills required for subject-specific learning., True , False, Maintaining the home language:, delays acquisition of the school language, reduces children's motivation to learn, supports long-term academic and emotional development, creates permanent language confusion, Which factor contributes to the development of cognitive flexibility in bilingual individuals?, Exposure to only academic language, Strict seperation of language, Making choices between languages during communication, Avoiding code-switching.

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