Sand + Water, Materials Needed: Funnel, filter paper, beaker, Erlenmeyer flask., Method (Filtration): Pour the mixture through filter paper seated inside a funnel supported over an Erlenmeyer flask. Liquid water passes through the porous paper as filtrate, while insoluble sand is retained on the paper as residue.Funnel, Iron Filings + Sand, Materials Needed: Magnet, paper cover/wrap., Method (Magnetic Separation): Cover a magnet with paper and pass it over the dry mixture. The ferromagnetic iron filings are attracted to the magnet and cling to the paper cover, leaving the non-magnetic sand behind., Salt + Water, Materials Needed: Bunsen burner, evaporating dish / beaker., Method (Evaporation): Apply heat to the salt-water solution using a Bunsen burner until the water completely vaporizes as gas, leaving pure solid salt crystals behind in the dish., Pebbles + Sand, Materials Needed: Sieve / mesh screen, collection tray., Method (Sieving): Pour the mixture onto the sieve screen and agitate it gently. Smaller sand grains pass through the mesh into the collection container below, while larger pebbles remain trapped on top of the sieve., Oil + Water, Materials Needed: Decantation funnel / separatory funnel, ring stand, receiving beakers., Method (Decantation): Pour the mixture into a decantation funnel and allow it to settle into two density layers (water on the bottom, oil on top). Open the bottom to drain the dense water layer into a beaker, closing the valve as the top oil layer reaches the outlet., Black Marker Ink, Materials Needed: Filter paper strip, black marker, glass vessel, solvent (alcohol or water)., Mark the paper: Put a small dot of black ink near the bottom of a filter paper strip. Hang the paper upright in a container so only its bottom edge touches a liquid solvent (like water or alcohol). As the liquid climbs up the paper, it drags the ink's pigments upward with it. Because different color pigments dissolve at different rates, they travel at different speeds, splitting the ink into visible bands of individual colors.

Binary Mixture Separation Protocols

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