1) CAPITAL (or UPPER-CASE) LETTERS are used a) to start a sentence b) for proper nouns (names) c) cardinal points of a compass (ex: north, south) d) seasons in general e) personal pronoun "I" f) calendar information (ex: Monday, April 2) FULL STOP (BrE) OR PERIOD (AmE) ( . ) is used a) At the end of a clause b) At the end of a sentence c) After each letter in an abbreviation (e.g.; etc.) d) After the last letter in an abbreviation (eg.; ex.) e) Always after abbreviations: Mr, Mrs, and Ms. 3) COMMA (,) is used a) in lists (I bought some bananas, some oranges, and some potatoes.) b) after reporting verbs in reported speech. (Jim said, he would be late.) c) as parentheses (Ann, on the other hand, did not agree.) d) Defining clauses: (Last class we did the activity, that we corrected today.) e) Openings like (First, - To begin with, ) f) to separate the subject: Jim, said he would go. 4) SEMI-COLON (;) is used  a) to separate items in a long list b) to join two sentences, with unrelated meaning 5) COLON (:) is used a) to introduce items in a list b) to introduce an explanation of the previous part of the sentence. 6) QUOTATION MARKS ( “ ” ) are used a) used with direct speech (“It might rain later,” I explained.) b) Quotation marks must be double  c) Titles of books, movies, plays, in printing 7) QUESTION MARK ( ? ) is used a) after any questions b) after direct questions (Is it gonna rain?) 8) EXCLAMATION MARK ( ! ) is used a) to show surprise or astonishing intonation b) in formal writing

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