Islets of Langerhans - Groups of cells which are scattered throughout the pancreas, Glucagon - Secreted by the alpha cells and increase blood glucose concentration, Insulin - released by beta cells and decrease blood glucose concentration, glycogen phosphorylase - the end enzyme in the enzyme cascade which catalyses the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, kinase enzymes - These activate enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them by phosphorylation, Gluconeogenesis - Glucose is made from amino acids and lipids, Cyclic AMP - A second messenger which binds to kinase enzymes within the cytoplasm that activate other enzymes, Insulin-dependent diabetes - Also known as type 1 diabetes - where the pancreas can't secrete sufficient insulin, glucose oxidase - a key enzyme involved in both dip sticks and biosensors, peroxidase - a key enzyme which is immobilized on a small pad at the end of a dip stick, biosensor - allows people with diabetes to check their blood and see how they are controlling their blood glucose, abscisic acid - produced in conditions of water stress to stimulate stomatal closure, guard cell - highly specialized cell which control the internal atmosphere of the leaf, posterior pituitary gland - the terminus of the neurone and where hormones like ADH are secreted into the blood,

Chapter 14 - part 2

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