Imagine you're watching a runaway trolley barreling down the tracks straight towards five workers who can't escape. You happen to be standing next to a switch that will divert the trolley onto a second track. Here's the problem. That track has a worker on it, too, but just one. What do you do? Do you ____ one person to save five? This is the ____, a version of an ethical ____ that philosopher Philippa Foot devised in 1967. It's popular because it ____ us to think about how to choose when there are no good choices. Do we pick the action with the best outcome or stick to a ____ that prohibits causing someone's death? In one ____, about 90% of respondents said that it's okay to flip the switch, letting one worker die to save five, and other studies, including a virtual reality simulation of the dilemma, have found similar results. These ____ are consistent with the ____ of utilitarianism which argues that the ____ correct decision is the one that maximizes well-being for the greatest number of people. The five lives ____ one, even if achieving that outcome requires ____ someone to death. But people don't always take the utilitarian view, which we can see by changing the trolley problem a bit. This time, you're standing on a bridge over the track as the runaway trolley approaches. Now there's no second track, but there is a very large man on the bridge next to you. If you push him over, his body will stop the trolley, saving the five workers, but he'll die. To utilitarians, the decision is exactly the same, lose one life to ____ five. But in this ____, only about 10% of people say that it's OK to throw the man onto the tracks. Our instincts tell us that deliberately causing someone's death is different than allowing them to die as ____ damage. It just feels wrong for reasons that are hard to explain. This intersection between ____ and psychology is what's so interesting about the trolley problem. The dilemma in its many variations ____ that what we think is right or wrong depends on factors other than a logical weighing of the pros and cons. For example, men are ____ women to say it's okay to push the man over the bridge. So are people who watch a comedy clip before doing the thought experiment. And in one virtual reality study, people were more willing to ____ men than women.

Trolley Problem (video)

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