Read-only memory (ROM) Typically, in a computer system, ____ stores the ____ and data needed to ____ the system up and ____ and ready to load the ____ system from ____ storage. This special program stored on ROM is called the ____ Loader and we say the process ‘____’ the computer – this means that it starts it from scratch. Computers would not be so useful if they had to be switched on all the time. ROM is ____ - ____ ____, which means it does not require power to maintain its contents. ROM is ____-____. This means that the data stored in ROM is fixed and ____ be ____ once it is created. This data is written to ROM either at the ____ stage or through a special process later on. Read Only Memory (ROM) ____ stores program instructions and data but it ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____. ROM is ____-____, meaning that its contents is retained when it loses power (i.e. the computer is switched off). ROM is often made from ____ ____ and cannot be altered without being "re-flashed". This means that it tends to contain small programs that get the computer up and running, leaving the big stuff to secondary storage. ROM is typically used to store the ____-____ ____ or ____ ____ ____ ____ (____) that the CPU executes as soon as it turns on. The BIOS contains instructions that load the operating system from secondary storage into RAM for the computer to continue booting up. Flash memory is a form of ____-____ ____ called EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) that is often used to make ROM chips but also USB memory sticks, Solid State Drives, SD cards and flash storage in mobile devices such as phones and tablets. Flash memory will ____ ____ ____ when it loses power, but can also be ____ and ____ through a process called "flashing", which involves passing electrical current through all of its memory "cells". Flash memory can ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ before it starts to degrade, so re-writable devices such as USB memory sticks, SD cards and SSD drives are actually made up of several different blocks of flash memory, meaning that only one block needs to be reflashed at one time thus prolonging the life of the device.

Read-only memory (ROM)

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