Restatement, Relates to the content of communication. Nurse makes a simple statement usually of patient's own words. The purpose is to ask the patient to further explain, Reflection, Identifies feelings. The nurse restates or makes a generalized statement about what the patient is expressing - and then pauses giving them time to further explain, Elaboration, Nurse is encouraging the patient to say more and continue the conversation. The nurse may nod her head, or say "go on" or "please continue", Focusing, Redirecting the patients to pertinent topics being discussed., Clarification, Questions to ascertain patient's meaning when word choice or ideas are unclear, Summarizing, Reviews and condenses important information into two or three of the most important findings, Abstract Reasoning, Pondering a deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal, False Reassurance, Unconsciously indicating to patients that their concerns are not worth discussing, Sympathy, Feeling what the patient feels - is not therapeutic because you are interpreting the situation as you perceive it, Unwanted Advice, Usually from your own perspective, not the patients. Will not help the patient, Biased Questions, Carry judgement and lead patients to respond in a way that they think is acceptable to you, Distractions, Hectic and rushed - makes patient feel depersonalized - if alarm sounds this does take priority over communication, Active Listening, Ability to focus on patient and their perspectives while decoding messages, thoughts, words, opinions, and emotions, Empathy, Ability to perceive, reason, and communication understanding of another's feelings without criticism, seeing it from their point of view, Caring, Empathy, connection, and ability to demonstrate emotions such as compassion, sensitivity, and patient-centered care. Goal is to show warmth, care, interest, and respect without judgement, Decoder, Is the sender, Encoder, Is the receiver, Self-Concept, Be aware of your own biases, values, personality, cultural background, and communication style

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