Epidermis - cell walls act as a physical defence; transparent to allow light through, waxy cuticle - Non cellular physical defence; transparent to allow light through; waterproof layer to reduce water loss, palisade mesophyll cells - tightly packed; end on with upper surface; many chloroplasts to maximise light absorption, spongy mesophyll - few chloroplasts; large surface area for gaseous exhange;, intercellular spaces - allow diffusion of gases through the leaf, guard cells - control opening of stomata for gases to enter and leave leaf, stomata - a space (not cells) which allows gases to enter and leave the leaf,

Leaf Structure - Functions

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