Deinstitutionalization - A policy, begun in the U.S. in the latter half of the twentieth century, moving mentally ill individuals out of large hospitals and into community-based mental health programs., Moral therapy - The approach, first begun by Pussin and Pinel, of attempting to bring recovery for the mentally ill by eliminationg harsh treatment and instituting compassionate care., Placebo effect - A helpful result of psychotherapy that occurs becayse the patient hopes and believes in the treatment and that the improvement will occur., Eclectic therapy - therapeutic approach that draws upon principles and techniques representing different schools of therapy, Modeling - One of the strategies involved in behavior therapy where the client ovserves the real-life adaptive behavior of others and attempts to imitate it., Psychoanalysis - The psychotherapy approach first begun by Sigmund Freud where the cause of psychological disorder is believed to be deep-seated, repressed, unresolved conflicts., Insight - The objective of psychoanalysis as devised by Freud; the patient comes to understand the connection between the psychological disorder and repressed childhood experiences., Transference relationship - One component of psychoanalysis as developed by Sigmund Freud; the patient comes to regard the therapist as representing a key individual from an earlier difficult time and manifests this conceptualization during therapy sessions., Behavior therapy - One approach to psychotherapy where the emphasis os on what the client has learned from experience either through classical or operant conditioning., Rational-emotive behavior therapy - An approach to psychological treatment developed by Albert Ellis where the pationt is challeged to evaluate the truth and rationality of beliefs underlying behaviors., Cognitive therapy - A type of psychotherapy developed by Aaron Beck where clients are encouraged to evaluate the truth of cognitive distortions underlying ineffective emotional reactions., Systematic desensitization - A behavioral approach to psychotherapy most specifically geared towards alleviating phobias and other fear-based disorders; involves gradually learning to replace response of fear with a response of fear with a response of calmness and relaxation., Free association - A fundamental technique that is part of traditional psychoanalysis; the pationt is completely free to say whatever comes to mind whether or not apparently meaningful., Psychotherapy - A form of treatment for psychological disorders constructed around a supportive relationship between client and therapist and involving extensive verbal exchange., Cognitive-behavioral therapy - Treatment involving the combination of behaviorism (based on the theories of learning) and cognitive therapy (based on the theory that our cognitions or thoughts control a large portion of our behaviors)., Nonspecific factors - Qualities that seem to contribute to a positive psychotherapeutic experience but do not appear to be exclusive to one approach to psychotherapy or another., Family therapy - treatment for psychological disorder involving approaching the entire family unit and its functioning as the presenting psychological problem., Tardive dyskinesia - The most serious side effect from taking antipsychotic drugs; potentially disabling damage to the nervous system particularly thaat function directing motor activity., Prefrontal lobotomy - neurosurgical procedure (not used anymore) involving the undercutting of the afferent and efferent connections of the prefrontal cortex in order to control manifestations of hostility, anger, and violent behavior., Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors - A class of psychotic drugs used to treat depression and other disorders by specifically increading the availability of serotonin through limiting how much is reabsorbed.,

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