I/O in Python - I/O stands for Input/Output. It refers to the process of reading data from and writing data to external sources like files, databases, or user input/output., File Handling in Python - File handling in Python involves operations related to creating, opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It is essential for working with sequential files., Sequential File - A sequential file is a type of file that stores data in a linear, sequential order. Data is read or written sequentially from the beginning to the end of the file., Opening a File - In Python, you use the open() function to open a file for reading or writing. It returns a file object that can be used for subsequent I/O operations., Reading from a File - To read data from a sequential file, you use methods like read(), readline(), or readlines(). These methods allow you to read the file's content., Writing to a File - To write data to a sequential file, you use methods like write() or writelines(). These methods allow you to add data to the end of the file, Closing a File - After performing I/O operations on a file, it is essential to close the file using the close() method. This ensures that resources are released and changes are saved., Modes in File Operations - Python supports different modes for opening files, including 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing (creates a new file or overwrites existing), and 'a' for appending (adds data to the end of the file), among others., Context Managers (with Statement) - Python provides the with statement to automatically manage file resources. When used with file handling, it ensures that files are closed properly after use., Reading and Writing CSV Files - CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files are a common format for storing data. Python provides libraries like csv to simplify reading and writing data in CSV format., File Paths - To open files in specific directories, you can specify file paths using either absolute paths (from the root directory) or relative paths (from the current working directory).,

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