1) What is the standard deviation? a) it is a measure of how much data is spread out from the mean b) it is the mean of a set of data c) it is used to find out if the difference between observed and expected results is significant d) it is used to see if there is a significant difference between two sets of data 2) What is a transect? a) a measure of the relative height of the land b) a line through a habitat along which organisms are sampled c) a square frame used to count plants d) a tool used for sampling soil 3) What is a chi squared test? a) it is the mean of a set of data b) it is used to find out if the difference between observed and expected results is significant c) it is used to see if there is a significant difference between two sets of data d) it is a measure of how much data is spread out from the mean 4) What is the best way to ensure random placing of quadrats? a) put some around the edge of the area and some in the middle b) make a grid and use random number tables to select positions c) throw them over your shoulder without looking d) put them at regular intervals e.g. ten steps apart 5) What are all organisms living in a particular area known as? a) A community b) An ecosystem c) Biotic factors d) A population 6) Which of the following pairs of factors associated with an ecosystem are biotic? a) Competition and parasitism b) Parasitism and light availability c) Light availability and temperature d) Disease and pH 7) How can a representative sample of the plant species growing in a field be obtained? a) Place a single quadrat in a specific area of a field b) Place a number of quadrats in a variety of specific areas in the field c) Place a single quadrat randomly once in the field d) Place a number of quadrats in a variety of random areas in the field 8) One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is a) Number of producers b) Temperature variation c) Salt content d) pH of water 9) Which of the following factors, associated with an ecosystem, could be components of an organism’s niche? a) Competition and food supply b) Light availability and temperature c) Predation and soil moisture d) All of the above 10) A niche is a) The role of a species in a habitat b) The variety of species in an ecosystem c) The total population of one species d) A feature of an organism that enables survival 11) Which of these pieces of equipment can be used to measure an abiotic factor? a) Light meter b) Pitfall trap c) Quadrat d) Tullgren funnel 12) What is biodiversity? a) A high number of different species in an ecosystem b) A low number of different species in an ecosystem c) All the different kinds of species in an ecosystem d) The loss of species from an ecosystem 13) What name is given to a region of the planet characterised by its climate and which contains distinctive communities of plants and animals? a) Habitat b) Biome c) Ecosystem d) Community 14) What is an ecosystem? a) All the non-living components of an area b) All the organisms and non-living components of an area c) All the organisms of an area d) A population and its habitat in an area 15) Frequency is a) The estimate of area covered by a species usually expressed as a %.​ b) The number of times a species occurs in a sample in a given area. c) The number of individuals in a given area or quadrat.​ 16) Density is  a) The estimate of area covered by a species usually expressed as a %.​ b) The number of times a species occurs in a sample in a given area. c) The number of individuals in a given area or quadrat.​ 17) Cover is  a) The estimate of area covered by a species usually expressed as a %.​ b) The number of times a species occurs in a sample in a given area. c) The number of individuals in a given area or quadrat.​ 18) A disadvantage of quadrats is rare species are usually underestimated or grossly overestimated? a) False b) True 19) For the mark release capture technique where a small number of individuals are captured, marked and release them back into the population a) In a small population, you are more likely to recapture marked individuals, whereas in a large population, you are less likely. ​ b) In a large population, you are more likely to recapture marked individuals, whereas in a small population, you are less likely. ​ 20) If conditions change across a habitat, for example across a rocky shore or in a sloping meadow that becomes more boggy towards one side you would use a) Random sampling b) Systematic sampling

K1.39 Sampling

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