Standard Deviation Standard deviation is one of the most important ____ statistics as it gives a more accurate figure than the ____ or ____ range as it takes into account all figures and it is not affected by ____ values. It measures the ____ of the data from the mean while the range measures the two extreme values in the data set. The standard deviation also shows the ____ of the differences/variances from the mean. Proportional symbols It is clear to see which values are higher or lower by comparing the ____ of the symbols. They can be used for both a precise ____ or a ____ area (country). You are able to extract ____ from the map by using the ____ to estimate the size of the population. However the ____ of the symbols can mean ____ and therefore difficulty ____ the values. The size of the symbol can also mean that the precise location of the city can be ____ . Spearman's Rank Spearman rank correlation coefficient measures the ____ and direction of a relationship between two variables and ranges from ____ The technique is used to either accept or reject the ____ hypothesis. The further from ____, the stronger the relationship. A negative result indicates a ____ relationship. Spearman’s is easy to use & can identify relationships quickly, especially if a ____ has already been drawn because it uses rank values. However, ____ values can reduce the reliability of the test (1). At least ____ data sets are needed to allow this statistical test to be used reliably. Spearman's is ____ and easier to calculate than ____ product. Due to ranking, ____ values are not taken into account. Pearson's product moment correlation Pearson's measures the strength of a ____ relationship between ____ variables. Ranges from 1 to -1, with values of -1 representing the strongest possible ____ correlation, 1 representing the strongest possible ____ correlation and 0 representing ____ correlation. Pearson’s is a robust test that is more accurate than Spearman’s because it uses ____ values rather than ____ values. A high degree of correlation does not mean a close ____ between variables and this test takes a ____ time to calculate. Nearest neighbour This is used to measure ____ (clustered, random or regular). It can be used with any feature that can be regarded as being ____ at a specific point. However it is not precise when there is more than one ____ and no account is taken of the influence of the ____ landscape on the location features which can ____ the results. The areas compared must be of similar ____ otherwise results will be unreliable. It is very quick and easy to ____. NNI brings a level of ____ and confidence (95% and 99%) that graphs and maps do not allow.

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