Butler - Moral principles are derived from reason and are inherent in rational beings, Durkheim - Societal institutions, such as family, education, and religion, shape individuals' moral beliefs and values through collective experiences and social interactions., Behaviorism - Individuals develop their moral beliefs and behaviors by observing the actions of others, particularly authority figures, and internalizing societal norms through reinforcement mechanisms., Rousseau - The natural sense of compassion and empathy forms the basis of moral conscience. The societal influences corrupt this goodness rather than create it.,

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