Biodiversity - The huge range of living things on Earth, Darwin & Wallace - Proposed the Theory of Natural Selection, Evolution - Genetic changes to make new species over time, in response to environment., Fossil records - Evidence for Evolution, Species - A group of organisms that can interbreed to make fertile offspring, Mutation - Changes in structure of DNA, Observation 1 (overbreeding) - When an organism reproduces, it can produce a huge no. of potential offspring, Observation 2 - Despite this the number of organisms remain constant over time, Conclusion 1 - There is a struggle for scarce resources in a population, Observation 3 - Organisms in a population show genetic variation, Conclusion 2 - Survival of the fittest, My Very Smelly Brown Poo - Mutations, Variation, Survival, Breed, Pass on beneficial alleles, Horse fossil record - Increase in adult height over last 60 million years, Variations - Differences within a species, Sources of variation - Sexual reproduction & meiosis, Gene Mutation - An inheritable change in a gene, Sickle cell anaemia  - Example of gene mutation, Downs Syndrome - Example of chromosome mutation, Chromosome Mutation - Changes in the structure of a chromosome, Causes of mutations - UV rays & tobacco smoke, Disadvantageous - Characteristics of mutant alleles in a population, Types of variations - Acquired & Inherited, Classification - Placing organisms into similar groups, Taxonomy - Study of Classification, Why classify organisms - Makes them easier to identify,

17 Variation & Evolution

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