adaptation - inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment, homologous structure - body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions, analogous strucutre - body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different, vestigial structure - remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor, behavioral isolation - isolation between populations due to differences in courtship or mating behavior, geographic isolation - isolation between populations due to physical barriers, reproductive isolation - final stage in speciation, in which members of isolated populations are either no longer able to mate or no longer able to produce viable offspring, speciation - evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species, catastrophism - theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped the Earth's landforms and caused extinction of some species, gradualism - principle that states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time, artificial selection - process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits, natural selection - mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals, descent - a derivation from an ancestor, stabilizing selection - pathway of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes at both extremes, directional selection - pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype, cladogram - diagram that displays proposed evolutionary relationships among a group of species, common ancestry - a progenitor of a more recent or existing species or group, evolution - change in a species over time; process of biological change by which descendents come to differ from their ancestor, genetic drift - change if allele frequencies due to chance alone, occurring most commonly in small populations,

Evolution

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