Phoneme - The smallest sound unit in a language that can change meaning., Vowel - A speech sound produced without blockage in the airflow, usually forming the center of a syllable., Consonant - A speech sound made by blocking or restricting airflow, often used at the beginning or end of syllables., Diphthong - A complex vowel sound that glides from one vowel to another within the same syllable., Word Stress - The emphasis placed on a specific syllable in a word, making it louder or longer than others., Intonation - The rise and fall of pitch in speech that helps convey meaning or emotion., Connected speech - The way speech sounds link together in natural conversation, often making words less distinct., Phonemic chart - A visual representation of the phonemes in a language, often using IPA symbols., Transcription - The process of writing down spoken sounds using a specific system, like the IPA, to show pronunciation., Sentence stress - The emphasis on certain words in a sentence that can change the meaning or focus of the message., Schwa - A neutral vowel sound (like the 'a' in "sofa") that is often found in unstressed syllables., Minimal pair - Two words that differ by just one sound, helping to highlight pronunciation differences (e.g., "bat" vs. "pat")., Articulation - The way speech sounds are produced using the mouth, lips, tongue, and other speech organs.,

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