What is the attachment theory? - The psychological theory of attachment was first described by John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst who researched the effects of separation between infants and their parents., What was Bowlby's hypothesis? - Bowlby hypothesized that the extreme behaviors infants engage in to avoid separation from a parents, like crying, screaming, and clinging, were evolutionary mechanisms. Bowlby thought these had been reinforced through natural selection and enhanced the child’s chances of survival., What is the first stage of attachment? - Pre-attachment: 0-6 weeks: they show innate behaviors like smiling and crying to attract attention; they accept care from anyone and do not yet understand that they are separate from their caregiver., What is the second stage of attachment? - Attachment-in-the-making: 6 weeks-7 months: infants develop trust in those who respond to their needs; and they start to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar people (they prefer familiar people, but still accept care from strangers), What is the third stage of attachment? - Clear-cut attachment: 7 months-24 months: start to show stress upon separation, and start to develop 'stranger/separation anxiety', What is the fourth stage of attachment? - Formation of a reciprocal relationship: 24 months and onward: as language develops, they are able to negotiate with caregivers  and can tolerate separation with less stress,

Bowlby's Attachment Theory: The 4 Stages of Attachment

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