Guided discovery - Activity with examples of the target language provided → activity for students to work out language rules for themselves → activity for students to practice the language., Grammar-translation method - Grammar rule → students translate a text., Lexical approach - Activity for students to ‘notice’ words or chunks of language → discussion of the meaning of the chunks of language → activity to practise the language., Presentation, practice and production (PPP) - The teacher presents the language in context → controlled practice activities →less controlled → freer practice., Task-based learning (TBL) - Activity with a task and discussion of the task → activity to focus on language used in the task., Test-teach-test - Activity with a task to see if students can use a particular structure → the teacher presents the new language to the students → students do another task using new language., Total Physical Response (TPR) - The teacher presents language items as instructions → the students do the actions → the students give the instructions., Skills-based lessons - Lead in → pre-teach key vocabulary → gist task → detailed comprehension task → follow up productive activity.,

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