Normal - imaginary line drawn at right angles (90°) to the surface where the light ray meets the boundary, Incident Ray - ray of light that approaches and strikes a surface or boundary, Reflected Ray - ray of light that bounces off a surface after hitting it, Angle of Incidence - angle between incident ray and the normal, Angle of Reflection - angle between reflected ray and the normal, Reflection Rule - angle of incidence equals angle of reflection, Reflection - bouncing of light off a surface, Refraction - bending of light as it passes from one material to another with a different optical density, Plane mirror - flat mirror that reflects light to form a virtual, upright, and laterally inverted image, Optically More Dense - material in which light travels more slowly compared to another material, Prism - transparent object with flat, angled sides that refracts and disperses light into its component colours, Spectrum - band of colours produced when white light is split by a prism, ROYGBIV - order of colours in the visible spectrum, Optically Less Dense - material in which light travels faster compared to another material, Red - colour with longest wavelength (from ROYGBIV), Violet - colour with shortest wavelength (from ROYGBIV), Convex Lens - lens thicker in the middle than at the edges, Focal Point - point where parallel rays of light meet after passing through a convex lens, Principal Focus - another term for focal point where rays of light converge, Real Image - image formed when light rays actually meet; it can be projected onto a screen, Virtual Image - image formed when light rays only appear to meet; it cannot be projected onto a screen, Inverted Image - image that is upside down compared to the object, Upright Image - image that is the same way up as the object, Diminished Image - image that is smaller than the actual object, Laterally Inverted Image - image that is flipped sideways in mirror (left and right are swapped), Angle of Refraction - angle between the refracted ray and the normal, Parallel Beam of Light - group of light rays that travel in same direction and never meet, Principal Axis - straight line that passes through centre of a lens and its focal point(s), Focal Length - distance from centre of a lens to its focal point, Dispersion - splitting of white light into its different colours (spectrum),

IGCSE Waves - Light

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