1) Setting - Vivid sensory description 2) Setting - Time of day or season used for atmosphere 3) Setting - Weather reflecting mood (pathetic fallacy) 4) Setting - Juxtaposition of contrasting settings 5) Setting - Setting as symbolic (e.g. decaying house = decaying mind) 6) Plot - Flashback 7) Plot - Foreshadowing 8) Plot - Red herring (misdirection) 9) Plot - Twist ending 10) Plot - Slow reveal of key information 11) Plot - In medias res (starting in the middle of action) 12) Plot - Cliffhanger ending 13) Character - Dialogue that reveals personality 14) Character - Internal monologue 15) Character - Unreliable narrator 16) Character - Flawed protagonist 17) Character - Character growth or change 18) Character - Character driven by a secret 19) Character - Mannerisms or habits that show emotion 20) Theme - Motif (repeated image or idea) 21) Theme - Symbolism (object represents something deeper) 22) Theme - Contrast or irony to reveal theme 23) Theme - Conflict (internal or external) that reveals values 24) Theme - A moral dilemma 25) Theme - Juxtaposition of two opposing ideas 26) Perspective - First-person limited 27) Perspective - Third-person omniscient 28) Perspective - Shifting perspectives between characters 29) Perspective - Stream of consciousness 30) Perspective - Narrator addresses the reader directly (breaking the fourth wall) 31) Perspective - Narrator with bias or agenda 32) Style - Simile or metaphor 33) Style - Personification 34) Style - Rule of three 35) Style - Repetition for effect 36) Style - Long, flowing sentence for tension or emotion 37) Style - Short, abrupt sentence for impact 38) Style - Alliteration or onomatopoeia 39) Style - Colloquial or informal voice 40) Style - Formal, poetic tone

Narrative Techniques

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