A proper controlled experiment is designed to test a hypothesis by comparing results between a control group and an experimental group. The ____ is kept under normal or unaltered conditions, serving as a baseline for comparison. The ____ receives the treatment or variable being tested. Both groups should be similar in all other aspects to ensure fairness. Data collected in such experiments can be ____ data, which involves numerical measurements (e.g., temperature, growth rate), and ____ data, which includes descriptive observations (e.g., color change, behavior). To organize findings, scientists often use a ____ to systematically record both types of data. This organized data can then be converted into a ____, which visually represents trends and differences between groups. After data collection, researchers perform ____ to determine whether observed differences are significant or due to chance. This step is crucial for ensuring that conclusions are supported by ____ rather than coincidence. By keeping all other conditions constant, carefully recording and analyzing results, and comparing the control group to the experimental group, scientists can draw reliable ____ from their experiments. This method reduces bias and increases the validity of the findings.

CCC Biology: Basic Experimental Knowledge

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