Prewriting, Analyze purpose (inform, persuade, goodwill), Anticipate audience (WIIFM principle, culture, attitudes), Adapt message (tone, formality, background info), Choose best channel (face-to-face, email, memo, report, social media), Drafting, Organize information (scratch lists, outlines), Choose direct strategy (frontloading for receptive audiences), Draft first version (get thoughts down), Vary sentence patterns (simple, compound, complex), Avoid sentence faults (fragments, run-ons, comma splices), Revising, Edit (clarity, conciseness, tone, readability), Proofread (grammar, spelling, punctuation, format), Evaluate (purpose achieved? goodwill promoted?)

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