1) What is the dependent variable? a) WHAT YOU CHANGE b) WHAT CHANGES AS A RESULT OF WHAT YOU CHANGE (YOU MEASURE IT) c) EDUCATED GUESS BASED ON OBSERVATION d) DATA THAT CANNOT BE MEASURED ACCURATELY 2) What is the independent variable? a) WHAT YOU CHANGE b) WHAT CHANGES AS A RESULT OF WHAT YOU CHANGE (YOU MEASURE IT) c) EDUCATED GUESS BASED ON OBSERVATION d) DATA THAT CANNOT BE MEASURED ACCURATELY 3) What is the hypothesis? a) WHAT YOU CHANGE b) WHAT CHANGES AS A RESULT OF WHAT YOU CHANGE (YOU MEASURE IT) c) EDUCATED GUESS BASED ON OBSERVATION d) DATA THAT CANNOT BE MEASURED ACCURATELY 4) Data that cannot be measure accurately and that we observe with our sense e.g., colour changes, smell. a) Qualitative b) Quantitative 5) Involve measurement, numerical data eg 5g, 25cm₃ a) Qualitative b) Quantitative 6) What is this an example of? 'If FYM is spread on the pasture rather than chemical fertilizer then the earthworm population will increase.' a) Hypothesis b) Prediction c) Independent variable d) Conclusion 7) What is this an example of? 'There will be a greater number of earthworms present in the pasture that has been fertilized by FYM than the pasture that has been fertilized using chemical fertilizer' a) Hypothesis b) Prediction c) Independent variable d) Conclusion 8) What does this hazard symbol mean? a) Harmful b) Irritant c) Flammable d) Toxic e) Corrosive f) Harmful to the environment 9) What does this hazard symbol mean? a) Harmful b) Irritant c) Flammable d) Toxic e) Corrosive f) Harmful to the environment 10) What does this hazard symbol mean? a) Harmful b) Irritant c) Flammable d) Toxic e) Corrosive f) Harmful to the environment 11) Which of the following IS NOT an example of a safety precaution? a) Wear glasses, googles, lab coat, gloves during the investigation with any long hair tied back. b) Report any broken glassware to teacher. c) Use heat resistant gloves and/or tongs when handling hot items to avoid causing burns d) Using an eye wash if chemicals splash in your eyes e) Leaving chemicals open and unattended f) Pushing stools under the desk to prevent tripping 12) Experiment- To Determine the Soil Texture by feel, which of the following is the correct prediction? a) If there is more clay in a sample then it will be smoother and will be easier to mould b) If there is more sand in a sample then it will be smoother and will be easier to mould c) If there is more sand in a sample then it will be grittier and will be easier to mould d) If there is more clay in a sample then it will be grittier and will be easier to mould 13) Name this piece of glassware a) Test tube b) Funnel c) Crucible d) Graduated cylinder 14) What experiment is this? a) To Determine the Soil Texture by feel b) To Determine the Soil Texture by sedimentation c) To Determine the Soil Texture using a sieve triangle 15) Experiment- To Determine the Soil Texture by soil sieve, which of the following is NOT true? a) The result is quantitative b) Different sized particles will separate out of a soil sample when passed through the sieve c) Clay is the largest particle d) The independent variable is the soil type 16) What is a loam soil? a) Contains equal amounts of sand, silt & clay b) It contains over 50% clay c) It a very infertile soil 17) Experiment- Determine the pore space in compacted and uncompacted soil. What is the independent variable? a) Soil- compacted v uncompacted soil b) Water levels that  18) Which graduated cylinder, A or B, contains compacted soil? a) A b) B c) Both d) Neither 19) Experiment-Determine the pore space in compacted and uncompacted soil? What is the prediction a) If soil is compacted, then the water will be unable to move down through the soil. b) If soil is uncompacted, then the water will be unable to move down through the soil. 20) Experiment- To compare the infiltration rate of a compacted vs uncompacted soil. Which soil, A or B is most likely compacted soil? a) A b) B 21) Experiment- To compare the infiltration rate of a compacted vs uncompacted soil. What is the independent variable? a) The mass of soil b) The soil type- compacted or uncompacted c) The volume of water that passes through the soil in a certain amount of time 22) Experiment- To compare the infiltration rate of a compacted vs uncompacted soil. What is the dependent variable? a) The mass of soil b) The soil type- compacted or uncompacted c) The volume of water that passes through the soil in a certain amount of time 23) Experiment- To compare the infiltration rate of a compacted vs uncompacted soil. What is an example of a control variable?? a) The mass of soil b) The soil type- compacted or uncompacted c) The volume of water that passes through the soil in a certain amount of time 24) Experiment-To Calculate the % water content of a soil sample.  a) If a sandy soil is tested, then it will have a higher water content (%) than a clay soil. b) If a sandy soil is tested, then it will have a lower water content (%) than a clay soil. 25) Experiment-To Calculate the % water content of a soil sample. What is the % of water in the sandy soil? a) 5% b) 10% c) 15% d) 20% 26) Experiment-To Calculate the % water content of a soil sample. What is the % of water in the clay soil? a) 5% b) 10% c) 15% d) 20% 27) In this experiment investigating capillary action in soils, what is the independent variable? a) Type of soil used: compacted vs. uncompacted b) Number of cress seeds used c) Number of cress seeds germinated 28) In this experiment investigating capillary action in soils, what is the dependent variable? a) Type of soil used: compacted vs. uncompacted b) Number of cress seeds used c) Number of cress seeds germinated 29) In this experiment investigating capillary action in soils, what is the % germination for compacted soil? a) 40% b) 90% 30) In the experiment to demonstrate cation exchange in a soil, what is the name of chemical A that is added to the dry soil sample? a) Ammonium oxalate b) Potassium chloride (KCl) c) Water d) Universal indicator 31) In the experiment to demonstrate cation exchange in a soil, what is the name of chemical B that is added to the leachate? a) Ammonium oxalate b) Potassium chloride (KCl) c) Water d) Universal indicator 32) In the experiment to demonstrate cation exchange in a soil, what is the hypothesis for this experiment? a) There will be higher rates of cation exchange in sandy soil compared to clay soil. b) There will be higher rates of cation exchange in clay soil compared to sandy soil. 33) What is this experiment? a) To demonstrate cation exchange in a soil b) Investigating capillary action in soils c) To show flocculation in a soil sample 34) Which of the following in a cation found in lime? a) Ca2+ b) H+ c) Ca2- 35) To determine the pH of a soil, which method is more accurate? a) b) 36) What kind of data do you get in this experiment? a) Qualitative date b) Quantitative data 37) What kind of data do you get in this experiment? a) Qualitative date b) Quantitative data 38) Name the piece of equipment labelled A? a) Bowl b) Evaporating dish c) Crucible d) Agar plate 39) Soil generally contains how much organic matter? a) 2% b) 12% c) 25% d) 5% 40) What formula do you use to calculate %SOC? a) %SOM x 0.58 b) %SOM ≑ 0.58 41) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, name the bacteria? a) E coli b) Rhizobium bacteria c) Nitrobacter d) Nitrosomonas 42) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, name the piece of equipment labelled A? a) Bunsen burner b) Agar plate c) Scalpel d) Inoculating loop 43) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, name the dependent variable? a) Presence/absence of bacterial colonies b) Mass of root nodules 44) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, what is the control? a) A sterile , unopened agar plate b) The amount of clover used c) Presence/absence of bacterial colonies 45) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, how do you sterilise the inoculating loop? a) Pass it through the flame of the Bunsen burner b) Wash it with warm soapy water 46) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules, Why are the petri dishes incubated upside down? a) prevent condensation from the lid dripping onto the agar surface. b) To spread up the process 47) Experiment-To isolate and grow bacteria from root nodules.State two safety precautions you would take when carrying out this investigation. a) Use proper aseptic techniques-Avoid touching sterile equipment or agar surfaces with your hands or unsterile objects b) Wash hands thoroughly before and after the experiment c) Leave long hair down when using the Bunsen burner d) Wear goggles on your head 48) To show the activity of earthworms in soil, what is the prediction? a) If you add earthworms to a wormery, they will mix soil layers by their activity b) If you add earthworms to a wormery, layers will not be mixed up 49) To show the activity of earthworms in soil, what control is used in the experiment? a) A. A wormery with no soil b) B. A wormery with more leaf litter c) C. A wormery with no earthworms d) D. A wormery placed in sunlight 50) To show the activity of earthworms in soil, what is the purpose of covering the wormeries with a black plastic bag? a) A. To prevent the soil from drying out b) B. To block light and simulate underground conditions c) C. To keep earthworms warm d) D. To prevent smell from escaping 51) How are soil layers initially arranged in the wormeries? a) A. Mixed randomly b) B. In separate, distinct layers of soil, sand, clay, and chalk c) C. With only soil and leaf litter d) D. Based on moisture content 52) To show the activity of earthworms in soil, what role does leaf litter play in this experiment? a) A. Acts as insulation b) B. Provides food for the earthworms c) C. Weighs down the soil layers d) D. Prevents evaporation 53) To show the activity of earthworms in soil, what is the independent variable in this experiment? a) A. Temperature of the room b) B. Type of soil used c) C. Presence or absence of earthworms d) D. Size of the wormery 54) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture” . What is used to encourage earthworms to surface during the experiment? a) A. Cold water b) B. Vinegar solution c) C. Warm water and washing-up liquid solution d) D. Sugar solution 55) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture” . What is the role of the quadrat in this experiment? a) A. To keep earthworms trapped b) B. To mark a defined area for sampling c) C. To measure soil depth d) D. To filter the water 56) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture” . What is the independent variable in this experiment? a) A. Number of earthworms found b) B. Type of pasture c) C. Volume of water used d) D. Time of day 57) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture” . What is the dependent variable? a) A. Soil temperature b) B. Amount of vegetation c) C. Number of earthworms found d) D. Type of washing-up liquid used 58) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture” .How is the total earthworm population for the field estimated? a) A. By counting all worms in the whole field b) B. Area of field × average number of earthworms per metre squared c) C. Number of buckets used × worms per bucket d) D. Quadrat size × number of worms in first count 59) Experiment- "Determining Earthworm Population in a Pasture”. What type of data was collected in this investigation? a) Qualitative data b) Quantitative data

LC Soil Experiments 1

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