a/an: when we mention sth for the first time, with singular nouns only, after the verbs 'to be', 'to have' with a singular noun, the: when we mention sth for the second time, with singular and plural nouns, when sth is unique (the Moon, the Earth etc), names of the countries with states, federations etc. (the USA, the Russian Federation etc), with group of mountains, islands (the Hawai, the Alps etc), before the names of oceans, seas, rivers , the names of cinemas, theatres, museums, newspapers, organizations and ships , with the families, nationalities , before an adjective to talk collectively about a group of people, no article: with groups in general (Dogs are smarter than cats), with people's names (Kevin, Sue etc), with single names of countries (Ukraine, Uganda, France etc), with names of lakes, single mountains and islands (Thames, Como, Everest etc), with the names of streets, squares, parks, sports, games, school subjects, months, days od week, meals, languages,

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