Pathos - an appeal to the audience's emotions, in order to evoke feeling, Logos - the use of logic and reasoning in crafting a piece of persuasive writing or rhetoric, Ethos - an element of persuasion in which a speaker establishes their credibility and knowledge, as well as their good moral character, in order to build trust, repetition - repeating a word or phrases in order to emphasise its importance and persuade the reader, inclusive language - using "we" and "us" (1st person plural), rather than "I" and "me" (singular) or "you", in order to emphasise that the experience is shared by both the speaker/writer and the audience, rhetorical question - a question posed by a speaker or writer in a persuasive or discursive text to challenge the audience to think deeply, rather than be answered immediately, 2nd person - use of "you" , 1st person singular - use of "I" and "me" , 3rd person - use of he/she (singular) or they/them (plural), colloquial expressions/ idiom - commonly used everyday expressions which wouldn't usually feature in formal written English, but may be used in persuasive speech by a speaker to identify with the audience eg "tradies", "rolled up their sleeves", pun - playfully using a double-meaning of a particular word such as "My Maths teacher said I was average. She's so mean!", anecdote - personal story from the speaker/writer's own life, references/ allusions - references to historical experiences/ events or to other literary texts, exaggeration - overstating something to make it seem worse or better than it really, cultural knowledge - assumed knowledge which draws on shared cultural background and experience,

Discursive Techniques

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