Species - A population of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing viable fertile offspring, Hybrid - Offspring from two different species breeding together, Population - A group of organisms from the same species living together in the same habitat, Gene Flow - Migration of alleles between two different populations/gene pools, Reproductive Isolation Mechanism - Any mechanism that stops gene flow between subpopulations, Prezygotic Barrier - A reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs before fertilization, Postzygotic Barrier - A reproductive isolation mechanism that occurs after fertilization, Physical Isolation - Geographical barriers that stop gene flow eg. mountains, Behavioural Isolation - Mating/courtship rituals that stop gene flow eg. different pheromones, Temporal Isolation - Different times of activity/mating that stop gene flow eg. flowering in different seasons, Mechanical Isolation - Incompatible sexual organs eg. penis shape in birds, Gamete Incompatibility - When a sperm cannot enter an egg so there is a barrier to fertilization, Zygote - A fertilized egg cell, Fertilization - When a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to create a zygote, F1 generation - The first generation below parents, F2 generation - The second generation below parents, Hybrid Inviability - When two species produce an offspring but it dies before birth/hatching/sexual maturity, Hybrid Sterility - When two species produce an offspring but it is sterile, Hybrid Breakdown - When a species produces an offspring and it is fertile but the next generation after is sterile, Deme - Two subpopulations that occupy neighboring habitats still have a small amount of gene flow between them, Cline - A series of subpopulations that live in adjacent habitats that can interbreed only with their immediate neighbor , Ring Species - A circular cline where the two end subpopulations cannot interbreed but adjacent subpopulations can, Allopatric Speciation - When speciation occurs due to a physical barrier between subpopulations, Sympatric Speciation - When speciation occurs without a physical barrier between subpopulations,

13 Bio - Speciation

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