Hydraulic systems use pressurised liquid , Pneumatic systems use pressurised gases, Microprocessors are central processing units (CPUs) that form the core of computers and electronic devices., Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) is a type of microcontroller designed by Microchip Technology for embedded systems., Gears are toothed wheels that are arranged in gear trains to increase or decrease speed and torque, Schematics show the individual components in a circuit or system and how they are connected together., Electrical control systems are systems that make use of electrical power supplies and signals., Analogue sensors produce continuous output signals. These are usually in the form of a voltage that is proportional to the quantity being measured., Maglev trains use magnetic fields to levitate above the tracks, eliminating the need for traditional wheels and rails., Electric generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principles of electromagnetism., Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines leverage magnetism for detailed medical diagnostics, while in data storage, such as hard drives, magnetism encodes and retrieves information, Transformers are used in electric circuits to change the voltage of electricity flowing in the circuit., A lightning conductor is a device used to protect buildings from the effect of lightning. A metal rod taller than the building is installed in the walls of the building during its construction., The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong., ircuit Breakers: to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault., A beam is a structural element that supports a load., A force (F) is a push or pull that acts on an object due to interaction with another object. Force is measured in newtons (N)., Energy is expressed as the amount of work done by a force. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. The units of energy are joules (J), Work done is the force x distance moved and is expressed in joules (J)., Power is defined as the amount of energy transferred per second, measured in watts (W), Contact forces act between two objects that are physically touching., Non-contact forces act between two objects that are not physically touching – they are forces acting at a distance., In a concurrent force system, all forces pass through one general point., In a non-concurrent system, the lines of action of all forces do not meet at one point., If a body (object) is acted on by several forces which all lie in the same plane, them the forces are said to be coplanar.,

Paper 1 T Level

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