Define diffusion. - Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down the concentration gradient., Define osmosis - Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential down the water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane., Define active transport. - Active transport is the movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane., What are the five factors that affect the rate of movement of substances? - Surface area to volume ratio, diffusion distance, concentration gradient, molecular weight, temperature, How does concentration gradient affect the rate of movement of substances? - The steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of transport, vice versa., How does surface area to volume ratio affect the rate of movement of substances? - The higher the surface area to volume ratio, the faster the rate of transport, vice versa., How does diffusion distance affect the rate of movement of substances? - The shorter the diffusion distance, the faster the rate of transport, vice versa., How does molecular weight affect the rate of movement of substances? - The lower the molecular weight of the substance, the faster the rate of movement of substances, vice versa., How does temperature affect the rate of movement of substances? - The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of transport, vice versa., What is meant by a partially permeable membrane? - The membrane only allows certain substances to pass through the membrane., What is water potential? - Water potential is the measure of the amount of water in the solution. The lower the solute concentration, the higher the water potential, vice versa., What is meant by equilibrium in the context of diffusion? - Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the particle is equal throughout, meaning that there is no net movement of particles., What is the role of the mitochondria in active transport? - The mitochondria releases energy via aerobic respiration which is needed to move particles against its concentration gradient., What is meant by net movement? - Particles are always in constant random motion. Net movement refers to the overall movement of the particles that results in a change in the concentration of the particles. , What happens to a crenated animal cell? - The animal cell has lost water via osmosis to the surroundings, causing the shape of the cell to become spiky when the cell volume decreases., What happens to a lysed animal cell? - When too much water enters an animal cell via osmosis, the cell volume increases and the cell eventually bursts., What happens to a plasmolysed plant cell? - A plant cell loses water via osmosis, causing the vacuole to shrink. The cell membrane then pulls away from the cell wall., What happens to a turgid plant cell? - When water enters a plant cell, it causes the vacuole to expand, which exerts turgor pressure on the cell wall. This causes the plant cell to become swollen. , What is the role of the cell wall in keeping the plant upright? - When water enters the cell, the inflexible cell wall prevents the plant cell from bursting and causes the plant cell to be turgid.,

Movement of Substances - Flash cards

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