What is DNA? - DNA is the genetic material present in cells, What is a Gene? - a gene is a unit of genetic information. Genes code for specific characteristics., What is a Chromosome? - A thread-like structure which carries the genetic code., Where are chromosomes found in cells? - In the nucleus., How many chromosomes are there in a normal human cell? - 46 chromosomes (in 23 pairs)., How much genetic information is inherited from a biological mother? - Half / 50%. Humans inherit 23 chromosomes from each biological parent., What is a species? - A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring., What do we call differences between members of the same species? - Variations, What type of variation can be measured? - Continuous, What type of variations can be split into distinct groups? - Discrete, What type of variation is plotted on a bar graph? - Discrete, What type of graph is a continuous variation plotted on? - Histogram, What type of variation is height? - Continuous, What type of variation is blood type? - Discrete, What type of variation is tongue rolling? - Discrete, Are scars inherited? - No. Scars are acquired during life - they are non-inherited traits., What do we call a picture of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a person's cell? - A karyotype, X and Y are sex chromosomes. What combination of these represents a biologically female person? - XX, X and Y are sex chromosomes. What combination of these represents a biologically male person? - XY, What do we call changes in chromosomes? - Mutations, What chromosomal mutation results in Down's syndrome? - An extra chromosome 21., Which genetic condition is the results in an extra X chromosome (so they are XXY)?  - Klinefelter's Syndrome, What are some uses of DNA profiling? - Paternity tests, crime scene analysis, genetic disorder testing, identifying stolen animal and plant products., How can a criminal be identified using a DNA profile? - All of their DNA bands match the sample of DNA from a crime scene., How can a biological father be identified using a DNA profile? - Half of the DNA bands (the ones that do not match the mother) have to match those of the prospective father., How do you find an average? - Add all the values together to find a total. Divide the total by how many values you added up., How do you find a percentage? - Divide the "part" by the "whole" and then multiply by 100., How do you simplify a ratio to its simplest, whole number form? - You find a number that both sides can be divided by. Keep going until they won't both divide by the same number and stay whole.,

S2 Inheritance Revision

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