During a hot afternoon, liquid water on the surface of a reservoir changes into water vapour., Evaporation - Liquid water is changing into water vapour directly from an open-water surface., Water is transferred from the soil and vegetation into the atmosphere in a densely forested drainage basin., Evapotranspiration - Water is being lost from both the soil through evaporation and vegetation through transpiration., A weather station estimates that 9 mm of water could be lost to the atmosphere if an unlimited supply of water were available., Potential evapotranspiration - It refers to the amount that could be lost if water were freely available., At a gauging station, 75 cubic metres of water passes a point in the river every second., River discharge - It measures the volume of water passing a point in a river per unit of time., Following rainfall, water on exposed soil surfaces is heated by the Sun and enters the atmosphere as water vapour., Evaporation - Solar energy changes liquid water on the soil surface into water vapour., Water is lost through plant transpiration and evaporation from the surrounding soil at the same time., Evapotranspiration - The statement combines evaporation from soil with transpiration from plants., A hot desert has sufficient atmospheric energy to remove large quantities of water, but there is not enough soil moisture for this loss to occur., Potential evapotranspiration - It describes atmospheric demand for water, even though limited water prevents the full loss from occurring., A river channel has a cross-sectional area of 20m² and an average water velocity of 2.5m/s., River discharge - Discharge can be calculated using cross-sectional area multiplied by average velocity: 20×2.5=50 m, In a tropical rainforest, high temperatures and abundant moisture cause large amounts of water to return to the atmosphere from vegetation and wet surfaces., Evapotranspiration - Water is returned to the atmosphere from vegetation and wet surfaces, combining transpiration and evaporation., Scientists use temperature, solar radiation, wind and humidity to estimate the maximum possible atmospheric water loss from a drainage basin., Potential evapotranspiration - These climatic variables are used to estimate the maximum possible water loss when sufficient water is available.

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