1. Prepare teacher talk carefully. - The teacher will have to decide how much of the general 'classroom language' such as instructions, questions or praise will be in the learners L1 and how much in English., 2. Use listening activities that reflect real-life listening. - Songs, chants and raps, stories, plays, TV shows, TV commercials, radio ads, news reports, weather reports, cartoons, movies, documentaries, jokes and riddles, tongue twisters, dialogues (conversations)., 3. Use listening activities that are developmentally appropriate. - For very young learners you can use children's songs like "Itsy Bitsy Spider;' or nursery rhymes like "Hickory Dickory Dock:' However, with older YLs in grades 4-6, you may start to use pop songs or rap instead of traditional songs and chants., 4. Use a variety of techniques to make listening input comprehensible. - Teachers should prepare students with vocabulary needed to understand the listening activity. Preparing context clues like pictures and realia are helpful, too., 5. Keep listening active, always give learners a listening task. - A teacher could ask students to listen and then point to the correct picture, with three pictures of different contexts to choose from. If the students know they must point to the correct picture after listening, then they will pay attention to the listening in order to figure out which picture is right. It will focus them on the listening and make them more active in the listening process., 6. Equip your students with intelligent guesswork strategies. - Using prediction strategies will help learners make intelligent guesses and then check whether their predictions are correct.,

TEACHING YOUNG LEARNERS - Principles for Teaching Listening to YLs

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