asexual reproduction - one parent creating an identical offspring, mitosis - the process of replicating DNA and dividing a cell to create two daughter cells that are identical to each other and to the original parent cell, body cell - a cell with 46 chromosomes in humans, sexual reproduction - creating an unique offspring by combining the genes of 2 parents, sperm - male reproductive cell; contains 23 chromosomes, egg - female reproductive cell; contains 23 chromosomes, sex cell - a cell with 23 chromosomes in humans (sperm or egg), offspring - the product of reproduction, fertilization - the act of a sperm and an egg joining to become a zygote, meiosis - the process of creating sex cells, heredity - how traits are passed down from parent to offspring, mutation - a change in the DNA code, dominant trait - a trait that overpowers another; symbolized by a capital letter, recessive trait - a trait that will not show unless there are two of them; symbolized by a lower case letter, genotype - the combination of alleles from the sperm and egg; "the letters", phenotype - the physical appearance, Punnett square - the method used to predict the percentages for certain outcomes based on genetics of the parents, allele - a version of a gene (dominant or recessive), homozygous - a genotype with two of the same alleles (AA or aa), heterozygous - a genotype with two different alleles (Aa), genetic engineering - changing an organism's genes by artificial means, pedigree chart - a diagram that shows the phenotypes of a particular gene from one generation to the next, selective breeding - mating two organisms of the same species to create an offspring with favorable traits, adaptation - the characteristic or ability of an organism to survive in its environment, evolution - a change in a species over time, fossil - preserved remains of an organism, natural selection - "survival of the fittest"; those best adapted to their environment will survive to pass on their traits, variation - differences caused by genetics, embryology - study of developing organisms as evidence of evolution, homologous - organisms with similar body structures,

Heredity & Evolution

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