Encryption, Changing information (like a message) into a secret code to keep it safe; for example, turning "hello" into "IFMMP.", Decryption, Turning the secret code back into the original message; for example, changing "IFMMP" back to "hello.", Cipher, A set of rules or steps used to change a message into a code; for example, a rule might be “shift every letter one step forward in the alphabet.”, Key, A special piece of information used to lock (encrypt) or unlock (decrypt) the secret code; for example, the key for a cipher might be “shift by 1 letter.”, Plaintext, The original message before it’s turned into a secret code; for example, "hello.", Ciphertext, The secret version of the message after it’s been encrypted; for example, "IFMMP.", Password, A word or phrase used to protect information; for example, like a secret word to open a treasure chest., Hacker, Someone who tries to break into a system to read or change information; for example, someone trying to guess your password., Data, Information stored in computers or messages sent between people; for example, a message, a photo, or a video., Algorithm, A set of instructions or rules a computer follows to solve a problem or do something; for example, a recipe for encrypting a message., Code, A way to hide the meaning of a message using symbols, numbers, or letters; for example, using emojis to represent words (😊 = happy)., Lock and Key, A metaphor for encryption and decryption; for example, encryption is the lock, and the key is needed to open it., Digital Signature, A way to prove who sent a message using encryption; for example, like signing a letter, but with maths!, Caesar Cipher, A simple type of encryption where letters are shifted by a fixed number in the alphabet; for example, “A = D, B = E” with a shift of 3., Secure Website (HTTPS), A type of website that uses encryption to keep information safe when you visit; for example, look for the padlock symbol in the address bar!, Firewall, A virtual "wall" that stops bad messages or hackers from reaching your computer; for example, like a gatekeeper that checks everyone before they enter a castle., End-to-End Encryption, A way to make sure only the sender and the receiver can read the messages; for example, messaging apps like WhatsApp use this to keep chats private., Public and Private Keys, A pair of "keys" used in encryption where the public key locks (encrypts) the message, and the private key unlocks (decrypts) it; for example, this keeps online shopping and banking secure., Cyber Attack, When someone tries to break into a computer or network to steal or damage data; for example, like a thief trying to pick a lock but finding an unbreakable one..

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