410, A nomadic Germanic tribe called the Visigoths attacked the city of Rome. Then they moved into the south of France and started to move into the Iberian Peninsula., 476, The Western Roman Empire fell. The Eastern (Byzantine) Empire remained., 557-585, The Visigoths defeated the Vandals and Alans, and expanded to occupy most of the Iberian Peninsula. They established their capital in Toledo., 589, Visigoths under the king Recaredo I converted to Catholicism., 711, The Moors defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete and invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Their new land, Al-Ándalus, formed part of the Caliphate of Damascus (Syria today)., 714, The Moors moved north and captured Zaragoza, but they could not conquer the mountainous regions in the north of the Peninsula. Some Christians went north after the invasion and founded kingdoms there., 722, Don Pelayo, king of Asturias, fought against the Moors in the Battle of Covadonga and stopped the Moors from advancing further north. This was the start of the repopulation., 756, Abderramán I established an independent emirate – the Emirate of Córdoba – and he was its emir (political leader)., 824, The Kingdom of Navarra was founded. The Catalan Counties and the Kingdom of Aragón formed later. The Christian Kingdoms in the north pushed south and expanded their territories., 929, Abderramán III established the Caliphate of Córdoba (religious and political state) and Al-Ándalus separated from Damascus. He gave himself the title caliph (religious leader)..

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