Definition of primary sector - The primary sector consists of all the activities that obtain resources directly from nature, Examples of primary sector activities - Agriculture, livestock farming, forestry and fishing, What is happening to the primary sector in general? - In general it is declining. Less people work there, it is less important in the economy and it generates less of the GDP, Primary sector in high-income countries - Only 1%-3% of the working population works in this sector. It only generates 2% of the GDP. Productivity is high due to technology, Primary sector in middle-income countries - 29% of the working population works in this sector. It generates less than 8% of the GDP. Productivity is increasing, Primary sector in low-income countries - 60% of the working population works in this sector. It generates 20% of the GDP. Productivity is low, What is agriculture? - The cultivation of the land, How does the climate affect agriculture? - Plants can't grow in extreme heat or cold. They can't grow when there is too much humidity and they can't grow where there is aridity (lack of water), What is an agrarian holding? - A group of plots of land or farms worked on by one person or company to produce crops, livestock or forestry products, Types of agrarian holding - Open field: The plots are not enclosed. Closed field: The plots are separated by fences, walls or hedges, Intensive and extensive cultivation systems - Intensive: The objective is maximum productivity. Lots of chemicals are used to maximise productivity. Extensive: The land is used naturally, no chemicals are used and the land is left fallow to recover nutrients, Rainfed and irrigated cultivation systems - Rainfed: The crops only receive water when it rains. Irrigated: The crops receive extra water from irrigation systems, Monoculture and polyculture - Monoculture: Only one type of crop. Polyculture: A variety of crops, What is commercial agriculture? - Cultivation of the land with the objective of making a profit, Characteristics of commercial agriculture - Monoculture. Mechanisation. Advanced cultivation techniques (chemical products, genetically modified crops, artificial soil, greenhouses, etc.), Positive effects of commercial agriculture - Productivity is high, so there is surplus, so prices are low, so everyone has access to food, Negative effects of commercial agriculture - Overuse of chemical fertilisers contaminate soil and water. Irrigation systems use a high quantity of water. Abandonment of rural areas., Consequences of digital technology in agriculture - make tasks and decision-making easier and increase production, Examples of digital technology in agriculture - Drones that monitor moisture levels and detect illnesses in crops. GPS in tractors. Software that calculates the amount of fertiliser or perfect quantity of water a crop needs..., What are plantations? - Holdings owned by European or American multinational companies, usually in less developed countries. They employ local people., Advantages of plantations - Create jobs for local people. The company builds communication and transport infrastructures in the area and introduces modern technology, Disadvantages of plantations - All the profit is for the rich multinational. The workers' wages are low. Local farmers can't compete. Environmental impact., What is livestock farming? - The rearing of animals, What is happening to livestock farming? - It is increasing!, What is intensive livestock farming? - Hundreds of animals are kept in barns. They are fed pellets. All tasks are mechanised. Their health and growth is controlled. Productivity is fast and high., What is extensive livestock farming? - Animals live outside. They have space to roam and they eat natural food. Productivity is slower and lower than intensive livestock farming, Advantages of modern livestock farming techniques - High productivity, so low prices. Some diseases have been eliminated. Technology allows food to be transported and conserved longer, Disadvantages of modern livestock farming techniques - Negative environmental impact (chemicals used contaminate land and soil). Huge water consumption. Negative effect on human health (antibiotics, hormones etc). Suffering of animals., Types of fishing - Coastal. Inshore. Offshore, Aquaculture., What is trawling? - A net is dragged along the ocean floor, What are the CAP and CFP? - Common Agricultural Policy and Common Fisheries Policy. They are policies of the EU that regulate and control agriculture (CAP) and fishing (CFP) in all the countries of the European Union., Which fishing techniques are prohibited? - The use of poisons and explosives,

Primary Sector

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