When I was young, I ____ sleep in all the time. Now I'm lucky if I get 5 hours! Although, this morning I ____ sleep 8 because I had a work holiday. By the time I was 7 years old, I ____ speak two languages. Sadly, I have mostly forgotten French because I don't know anyone I could use it with. Although I ____ practice it a bit yesterday because I met a French person. When I was a kid, I ____ run around all day and not get tired. Yesterday I was proud of myself because I ____ get out of bed. 1. She ____ find some time to talk to me yesterday. It's hard to find time when you have a full-time job and kids. 2. I was always so impressed by her. When she was young, she ____ inspire everyone with her words. 1. She ____ swim at a very high level when she was young. 2. I thought I was going to be late because I had lost my keys. Luckily, I ____ find them quickly 1. She ____ finish her exam on time yesterday. She's just waiting for the results now. 2. By the time she was 10, she ____ do advanced calculus. 1. She was able to finish her exam on time yesterday. She's just waiting for the results now. 2. By the time she was 10, she could do advanced calculus. We use '____' to talk about general past abilities/skills We use '____' to talk about past accomplishments/ specific things you did at a certain point in time 1. I ____ speak German when I was younger, but I'm learning now. 2. I ____ to buy the translation dictionary because the store was closed. 1. I wasn't able to speak German when I was younger, but I'm learning now. 2. I couldn't buy the translation dictionary because the store was closed. 1. I couldn't speak German when I was younger, but I'm learning now. 2. I wasn't able to buy the translation dictionary because the store was closed. When in the negative, you ____ use either wasn't/weren't able to or couldn't to talk about either past skills or past accomplishments. 1. Ever since he was a kid, he____ draw really well. It's no surprise he's a big artist now. 2. He ____ draw really well as a kid, but now he sucks. That's okay. 1. I ____ drink a lot when I was in college. Now I can't and it makes me really sad. 2. I ____ drink a lot since I can remember! That's why I'm in debt - I buy 24 beers everyday. 1. He ____ speak to large audiences without fear since I've known him. That's why he's such a good stand-up comedian today 2. He ____ speak to large audiences without fear when he was younger, but now he's very shy. 1. He 's been able to speak to large audiences without fear since I've known him. That's why he's such a good stand-up comedian today 2. He could speak to large audiences without fear when he was younger, but now he's very shy. We use '____ to talk about abilities someone had in the past and still has today I ____ smell something gross at the office yesterday. Luckily, I ____ open the window to ventilate the room. She ____ tell that I was nervous because she ____ see that I was shaking I kept running and I ____ beat Jane, who had been in first place. The finish line was right there. I ____ taste victory. I kept running and I was able to beat Jane, who had been in first place. The finish line was right there. I could taste victory. We use '____' with verbs of sense If I ____ a million dollars, I would buy my dog a hundred toys right away. If I ____ him, I would invite him to the party tomorrow - but I don't. I hate the guy. I would really appreciate it if you ____ more respectful. I ____ the job if they offered it to me - but I don't think they will. I ____ a driverless car if I could afford it, but I don't think I can. I ____ a driverless car if I could afford it, but I don't think I can. If we had more time, we ____ able to get it done - but unfortunately, we don't. If Mike ____ here now, he ____ us what to do - but sadly, he's not. I ____ out drinking with you guys tonight If I ____ a meeting tomorrow morning 1. If Mike were here now, he would tell us what to do - but sadly, he's not. 2. I would go out drinking with you guys tonight If I didn't have a meeting tomorrow morning For the second, we use ____ in the cause (if) clause and we use ____ If you ____ me last year, I wouldn't have won employee of the week If she ____ her money out of the bank then, she would have lost all her money! I wouldn't have passed grade 11 algebra if I ____. Cheating always works! If she hadn't told me were my class was, I ____ able to make it to class last week. We ____ cars if we hadn't invented the wheel first. If Anglo hadn't allowed me to work remotely, I ____ their offer all those years ago. If ____ up money all last year, I ____ able to buy a new car last December. Last week's presentation ____ terrible if we ____. 1. Last week's presentation would have been terrible if we hadn't practiced. 2. If hadn't saved up money all last year, I wouldn't have been able to buy a new car last December. For the third conditional, we use ____ for the cause (if) clause and ____ for the result clause Possible/ likely event: ____ hypothetical present/future event: ____ hypothetical past event: ____ hypothetical past event: ____ hypothetical present/future event: ____ likely/possible present/future event: ____ Possible/ likely event: ____ hypothetical present/future event: ____. hypothetical past event: ____ If Elon Musk ____ Twitter in 2022, he ____ able to rename it 'x' in 2023. If he ____ ready by 5pm, we ____ without him this evening. He's almost always late...so, we'll probably be leaving without him. I ____ lost if you ____ me directions last night. So, thanks for that. I ____ to become good friends with aliens with they ____ to earth....but I don't think it's going to happen :( I ____ my issues up with HR if you ____ inappropriate language one more time. So, unless you want to be reprimanded, I suggest you stop. If I ____ my work over the weekend, I ____ to hurry up so much this morning. Oh well, what's done if done 1st conditional: ____ second conditional: ____ third conditional: ____ hypothetical past cause, present result: ____ hypothetical present cause, past result: ____ hypothetical present cause, past result: ____ hypothetical past cause, present result: ____ third conditional: ____ second conditional: ____ first conditional: ____ If I ____ free tomorrow night, I ____ out with you then - but, sadly, I'm not. I ____ my job last week if I ____ up drunk when the boss was there. Apparently 'being drunk' is 'against company policy' If she ____ me when I was 5 years old, I ____ here right now If she ____ for tonight, we ____ something else....and she usually cancels. If ____ English class right now, I ____ that bottle of wine earlier today. Booo, English class. Maria: Look, James. We're really having problems here. If ____, I think we should cancel our stand at the Mumbai conference. James: Quite ____, that seems like a bit of a radical solution - I'm really not sure about it. To ____, things look bad right now - but I think we'll be ready for the conference. Maria: ____ the truth, I'm still not convinced that we'll be ready. ____, all of most important customers will be expecting us to be there..... James: Exactly! We'll really be leaving them empty handed, so ____. Maria: I suppose give it a shot, if ____. ____, I'm still nervous about it though. James: ____, I am too. But if we don't if we don't give them anything, they'll lose all trust in us. That's ____, if we don't go, we'll likely lose them as client. Jen: Look, ____, research says that our targeted advertising is harming young people, especially girls. We could try living in a fantasy world, as ____, but, ____, this looks really bad for us. And, ____, it makes me feel terrible too. Mark: I agree, it looks very bad. ____, our lawyer said we're not at fault here. ____, we're not the first ad company to have this sort of effect. It's, like it or not, business as usual, if ____. Jen: ____ what we're doing might not be illegal, but that doesn't make it any less unethical. It ____ doesn't look good, and I think many of our customers will turn their backs on us when they find out, so ____. Basically, ____, we might not be in legal trouble, but we will still pay a price. I ____ a lawyer. I____ a lawyer for 5 years. We____ together for a long time. We ____ very happy. I ____ a birthday next week.... I____ this car for 5 years...so maybe you can buy me a new one... We ____ in Mexico City. We____ here for 10 years. I____ a student at Anglo. I____ been a student for a year. I am a lawyer. I've been a lawyer for 5 years. We use the ____ to talk about actions/states that have started in the past and continue in the present. We usually use it with words like 'for' and 'since' She____ a rough day, so she ____ a bad temper right now. I____ my keys and I can't find them. I ____ things all the time! 1. I ____ a lot of questions all the time . 2. I____ him on another date, so he's very happy. 1. He____ a lot of money, so he's a rich man now. 2. He ____ a lot of money every year 1. He's made a lot of money, so he's a rich man now. 2. He makes a lot of money every year We use the ____ to talk about a past action that has had an effect on the present. He ____ multiple awards for his dancing. He ____ one just last year. She ____ on a date with him last year. In fact, she ____ on a few dates with him. We ____ on dates before. The last date we were on ____ on the 1st of last month. We ____ a really fun date night. We____ lots of fun dates to be honest. He ____ for the entire dinner yesterday, but she ____ for the entire dinner before. I____ him before. Hmm, yes, I think I ____ him last week at the dance! 1 . I've seen him before. Hmm, yes, I think I saw him last week at the dance! 2. We had a really fun date last night. We've had lots of fun dates to be honest. We use the present perfect (have/has + past participle) to talk about past actions ____. We use the past simple to talk about past actions ____ He____ a lot this week. He ____ a lot last week too. She ____ really angry yesterday. He____ really angry today too. I____ a lot of people this year. I ____ a of people last year too - and I still haven't found the right person! We talked a lot ____. We've talked a little ____ too. 1. We talked a lot yesterday. We've talked a little today too. 2. I've dated a lot of people this year. I dated a of people last year too Well, actually we can use the present perfect with specific dates, but they must be ____. I wouldn't have my current job if I ____. If I ____ in that company last year, I wouldn't be so rich now! I ____ in this house if my landlord had asked for a lot of money I ____ so upset right now if my manager hadn't promised a raise last week. If you promise something, you should fulfill it! I ____ a lot better now if I ____ so late last night. If she ____ more money last year, she ____ enough to go on vacation now. If she had made more money last year, she would have enough to go on vacation now. To talk about a hypothetical past cause and its present cause, we use ____ in the (if) cause clause, and ____ If I were interested in the job, I ____ the offer last Spring, but I'm not interested. If she felt safer in the city, she ____ there a long time ago, but she doesn't. If I ____ to leave the company, I would have left already. I clearly like it here. If I ____ your abilities, I wouldn't have hired you - trust me, I believe in you. If I ____ you, I ____ the company. We're doing really well now - it's too bad you left. If I ____ more money, I ____ you even more money last month - sadly, I don't have much money. If I had more money, I would have lent you even more money last month - sadly, I don't have much money. When we're talking about a hypothetical present cause and a past result, we use ____ in the cause (if) cause and ____. I couldn't get any ____ last night because my neighbour was playing ____ very loudly. It sounded like a piano. Maybe tonight it'll be something else. He plays lots of ____. There was ____ demanding ____ returned. Even more ____ are expected tomorrow. There was a lot of ____ on my way to work. A lot of ____ were angry. ____ even got out of his car and began yelling angrily. He said that ____ shouldn't play for money, but for ____.....maybe that's why a lot of ____ I know don't have a lot of money. I work as a 'stagehand'. My job is to prepare the musicians' ____. Because of my job, I've been to many different ____. I went to ____ last month with 80,000 people! If you want to learn ____ about ____, I recommend going to this site. It has information about many different ____. There are many ____ to listening to ____. I heard that ____ is a lower heart rate. I don't often have ____ to listen to ____. I don't think many people do, maybe that's why ____ are becoming less popular. They played ____ that had a lot of ____. It hurt my head. I prefer ____ that are more soothing.

Ryder

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