Era #6 (1865-1898): The building of the transcontinental railroad promoted economic growth., The U.S. government violated treaties with Native Americans and responded with military force., The Dawes Act forced assimilation and effectively destroyed the Native American way of life., Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation., Booker T. Washington advocated working hard at jobs and education instead of challenging segregation., Innovations like the Bessemer process (steel) and electric light changed revolutionized production and everyday life., Men like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt used new business practices to build empires., Laissez-faire capitalism led to economic growth, but also concentrated wealth and power in the hands of a few., The Great Railroad Strike was the first national strike and led to harder restrictions on labor organizations., The Populist Party fought for the rights of farmers and pursued bimetallism., Era #7 (1890-1945): American focused on expanding beyond the borders, using humanitarian and economic justifications for imperialism., The United States used questionable tactics to gain influence in Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines., Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy attempted to build the reputation of the United States as a world power., Progressive reformers attempted to address problems such as poor living and working conditions., President Wilson's Fourteen Points laid out the goals for the world following World War I., The Treaty of Versailles placed much of the blame for WWI on Germany, setting the stage for WWII., America pursued a policy of isolationism, limiting civil liberties and immigration., The rise of popular culture (movies, sports, music, mass media) created a divide between the old and new ways of life., The Scopes Trial and the adoption of Prohibition reflected the debates between fundamentalism and modernity., Scores of African-Americans left the South for opportunities in the North, known as the Great Migration., FDR's New Deal ushered in an era of liberal policies meant to bring relief, recovery, and reform to the nation living through the Depression., The United States pledges to be an "arsenal of democracy," fighting against totalitarianism in both Europe and Asia., Era #8 (1945-1980): The Soviet Union wanted to build Communist spheres of influence in eastern Europe., The United States pursued a policy of containment of Communism, pursuing the Marshall Plan and NATO., The United States became involved in military actions in Korea and Vietnam in pursuance of containment goals., Nixon pursued a policy of detente, visiting China and signing the SALT agreement with the Soviet Union., Fear of Communist influence at home led to McCarthyism and violations of civil liberties., The baby boom contributed to the growth of suburbs and increased consumer demand., The Interstate Highway System accelerated suburban growth and helped create a more homogenous national culture., The postwar economic boom slowed and the country faced stagflation, an economic slowdown combined with high inflation., The civil rights movement expanded to include recognition of other marginalized groups in society., The United States faced the challenge of balancing relations in the Middle East, mainly due to the need for oil., The Pentagon Papers revealed information the government kept from the public, leading to increase distrust of the government., The rise of the New Left signified the growing power of the youth generation., Era #9 (1980-Present): The supply-side economics of Reagan increased the gap between the rich and the poor., The United States became involved in the Persian Gulf War to defeat Saddam Hussein., Population shifted to the West and the South, increased the importance of these regions in national elections., Increased globalization promoted development, but also highlighted the gap between rich and poor nations., The September 11th attacks led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the wider War on Terror., The Great Recession led to home foreclosures and rising unemployment.,

APUSH: Chronology (Eras #6-9)

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