1) A local government is considering whether to build a dam. Which is an advantage of building this structure a) It can decrease the accumulation of sediment in the water b) It can improve the natural habitat of plants and animals c) It is an inexpensive process d) It can create a storage place for water 2) The drilling for freshwater increases along a coastal area. What is a likely consequence of this action? a) an intrusion of salt water into aquifers b) the loss of water resources in estuaries c) the destruction of estuaries because of an increase in sea levels d) a decrease in salt concentration in inlet waterways 3) In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur? a) Thermosphere b) mesosphere c) Exosphere d) Troposphere 4) Which gas makes up the largest component of the Earth’s atmosphere? a) argon (Ar) b) oxygen (O2) c) nitrogen (N2) d) carbon dioxide (CO2) 5) Which statement describes the general movement of air masses? a) They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure b) They move from areas of high altitude to areas of low altitude. c) They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity d) They move from areas of low temperature to areas of high temperature 6) Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? a) It causes light precipitation for a long period of time b) It causes light precipitation for a short period of time c) It causes heavy precipitation for a long period of time d) It causes heavy precipitation for a short period of time. 7) Which contributes to the formation of hurricanes during the late summer? a) the interaction between ocean water salinity and warm air masses b) the interaction between ocean water currents and polar air masses c) the interaction between ocean water temperatures and warm air masses d) the interaction between ocean water salinity and ocean water density 8) Which is a major source of air pollution created by humans? a) hydroelectric plants b) industrial factories c) reforestation d) nuclear power 9) Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth? a) coal-fired power plants b) vehicle exhaust c) burning compost d) aerosols 10) How is climate different from weather? a) Climate is constantly changing, whereas weather changes slowly over time b) Climate influences people’s daily activities, whereas weather influences people’s seasonal activities c) Climate refers to the atmospheric conditions on a given date, whereas weather refers to the atmospheric conditions during a given season d) Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day-to-day observations made for a region 11) A local government voted against the large-scale development of buildings and roads in the area. What could have been the motive behind their decision? a) It could lead to a decrease in the average annual temperature in the area b) It could lead to the formation of heat islands, which may impact the microclimate in the area. c) It could lead to the introduction of invasive species, which may impact the area. d) It could lead to a decrease in acid rain production in the area 12) How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere? a) It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere b) It could increase the nitrogen levels of the atmosphere c) It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere d) It could increase the sulfur dioxide levels of the atmosphere 13) Some factories can increase the amount of thermal pollution by dumping heated water into lakes and rivers. How can this type of pollution affect aquatic environments? a) It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment b) It can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment c) It can reduce the decomposition rate of organisms in the environment d) It can increase the life expectancy of animals in the aquatic environment 14) Since 1901, global surface temperatures have risen at an average rate of 0.13°F every ten years. In which way could the average increase in global temperatures influence Earth? a) by decreasing erosion within coastal ecosystems b) by decreasing periods of drought in all water systems c) by increasing the amount of flooding because of rising sea levels d) by increasing the formation of sea ice within polar regions 15) Which example describes an abiotic factor that could impact the diversity of an ecosystem a) An increase in prey can impact the number of predators in an ecosystem b) The introduction of an invasive species can change the amount of available resources in an ecosystem c) An increase in the amount of acid rain can change the pH of the soil in an ecosystem d) The competition for food can impact the survival rate between members of the same species in an ecosystem 16) A disease causes the rabbit population to decline drastically. How would this decline in the rabbit population impact the community? a) The mouse population would decrease b) The grasshopper population would decrease c) The fox population would decrease d) The snake population would decrease 17) Kudzu, a vine covering many acres of North Carolina, was introduced to the United States in 1876 to control erosion. Kudzu creates problems by growing rapidly and preventing other plants from getting sunlight. Which best describes kudzu. a) a noncompetitive species b) an invasive, nonnative species c) an agent of erosion d) an abiotic factor 18) Which could most likely have a lasting negative impact on the biodiversity of an area? a) clear-cutting b) selective cutting c) an increase in plant population d) a reduction in the use of fertilizers 19) How could the exponential growth of the human population impact regions throughout the world? a) It could lead to a decrease in the amount of pollution in the regions b) It could lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the regions. c) It could lead to an increase in the demand for food in the regions 20) Which best describes the relationship between carrying capacity and Earth’s resources? a) A population that is below the carrying capacity will have an increase in contagious diseases b) A population that is above the carrying capacity will have a decrease in natural resources c) A population that is below the carrying capacity will experience a decrease in freshwater resources d) A population that is above the carrying capacity will experience an increase in plant production

Earth Review 2

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