semantics - word or symbol meaning, morphology - forms of words; affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech, vocabulary development - ability to know and use words in their listening, speaking, reading and writing, syllable awareness - ability to to hear individual parts/syllables of words, phonetics - the sounds of human speech, onset and rime - ability to hear and understand sound(s) before the vowel is the onset and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the rime, syntax - rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences, reading comprehension - ability to read a text and understand its meaning (fluency, vocabulary, background knowledge, skills), phonology - systematic organization of sounds in languages, phonological awareness - understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print, reading fluency - ability to read with appropriate speed, accuracy and prosody, orthography - spelling patterns of language, phonemic awareness - ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words, phonics/graphophonic principle - using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write, morpheme - combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller parts, phoneme - the smallest individual sounds in a word, transition words - phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs and ideas together,

Language as a system

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