What is a cell? - The unit of a living organism, What is the function of the nucleus? - Controls all of the cell’s activities., What does the nucleus contain? - DNA, What is the function of the cell membrane? - Controls what enters and leaves the cell, What is the function of the cytoplasm? - Where cell reactions take place, What is the function of the mitochondria? - Releases energy in respiration, What is the function of ribosomes? - Make proteins, Which part of the cell contains DNA? - Nucleus, Which part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell? - Cell membrane, Which part of the cell is where chemical reactions take place? - Cytoplasm, 1. Give 3 structures ONLY found in plant cells. - Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole, What is the function of the cell wall? - It strengthens the cell , What is the function of the permanent vacuole? - Stores liquid, keeps the cell rigid., What is the function of chloroplasts? - Absorbs light for photosynthesis, What are plant cell walls made of? - Cellulose, What chemical do chloroplasts contain? - Chlorophyll, What is photosynthesis? - Chemical reaction that uses light energy to make glucose , Name 3 structures found in BOTH plant and animal cells. - Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm (mitochondria, ribosomes), Which structure keeps plant cells rigid? - Permanent vacuole, Which structure strengthens plant cells? - Cell wall, What apparatus is used to observe cells? - Microscope, What name is given to the object you are viewing? - Specimen, Name the lens that you look through. - Eyepiece, Which objective lens do you ALWAYS start with? - Smallest / lowest magnification, What is the most common magnification of the eyepiece lens? - x10, Why do you have to cut a thin slice of your specimen? - So light can pass through, How do you increase the magnification of a microscope? - Choose a larger / higher objective lens, What stain is used to view onion skin? - Iodine, What is the total magnification when using a x10 eyepiece lens and x40 objective lens? - x400, What objective lens would you choose if you wanted a total magnification of x100? The eyepiece lens is x10. - x10, What is the function of muscle cells? - Contract for movement, What is the function of nerve cells? - Carry electrical impulses around the body, What is the function of red blood cells? - Carry oxygen around the body, What is the function of leaf cells? - Carry out photosynthesis, What is the function of root hair cells? - Absorb water and dissolved minerals, How are muscle cells adapted? - Contain MANY mitochondria, Which cells are very long and have many connections to other cells? - Nerve cells / neurones, How are red blood cells adapted? - No nucleus, biconcave shape, contain haemoglobin, How are leaf cells adapted? - Contain MANY chloroplasts, How does the root hair make a root hair cell good at absorbing water? - Increases the surface area of the cell, What is diffusion? - The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low., What causes the particles to move? - Collisions, Why can’t diffusion happen through a solid? - Particles in a solid can’t move, Is diffusion faster in a liquid or a gas? - Gas, How does the rate of diffusion change if we increase the temperature of the substance that is moving? - Rate increases, How does the rate of diffusion change if we increase the surface area over which the substance has to move? - Rate increases, Across what part of a cell does diffusion happen? - Cell membrane, Does oxygen move into or out of muscle cells? - Into, How would you describe changes to the rate of diffusion? - Increases or decreases (not faster or slower), Which gas diffuses out of muscle cells? - Carbon dioxide, What name is given to living things made up of one cell? - Unicellular, What are multicellular organisms made up of? - Many cells, How do unicellular organisms reproduce? - Binary fission, Name a unicellular organism that is similar to a plant cell. - Euglena / yeast, Name a unicellular organism that is similar to an animal cell. - Amoeba, What is a contractile vacuole used for? - Movement, What is a flagellum used for? - Movement, How do amoeba feed? - Engulf food / food vacuole, Name a unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus. - Bacteria, Why do euglena not need to feed? - Carries out photosynthesis, What is the definition of a tissue? - A group of cells of one type., What is the definition of an organ? - Group of different cells working together., What is the definition of an organ system? - Different organs working together., Which body system is involved with breathing? - Respiratory (system), Which organ system is involved with killing pathogens? - Immune (system), What is the job of the digestive system? - Breaks down food so that nutrients can pass into the blood., What is the job of the muscular skeletal system? - Movement and support., In which body system would you find the heart? - Circulatory (system), Which body system is different in males and females? - Reproductive (system), Put the following in order of size starting with the smallest: organism, organ, cell, organ system, tissue. - Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.,

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