Push Factors: Natural disasters, Soil erosion/infertility and crop failure, Unemployment/lack of job opportunities, High birth rate straining services, Low standard of living, Fear of Persecution, War, Lack of government investment (e.g. in health care and education), Lack of access to basic human rights like food and water, Famine or drought, Barriers: Language, Travel costs too high, Threat of family division, Illness or poor health, Long distance to travel, Lack of skills/education (unemployable), Lack of money, Work permits required, Lack of transport options, Pull Factors: More and greater variety of job opportunities, Higher standard of living/quality of life, More services such as schools and medical care, Belief that homes have sewage system and water/electricity supply, Reliable food supply, A more attractive climate, Earning higher wages (and can be sent back to family), More political/religious freedom, Family members in destination, Better opportunities for girls,

Push & Pull Factors

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