Confidentiality, Ensures that data is not disclosed to unintended persons. This is provided through encryption, which converts the data into a form that makes it less likely to be usable by an unintended recipient., Integrity, Ensures that data is not modified or tampered with. This is provided through hashing., Availability, Ensures the uptime of the system so that data is available when needed., Non-repudiation, Provides validation of a message's origin. For example, if a user sends a digitally signed email, they cannot claim later that the email was not sent. Non-repudiation is enforced by digital signatures..

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