Alan Turing was a British ____ and computer ____ who lived from 1912 to 1954. He is considered one of the most ____ people of the 20th ____ and is best known for his work cracking the German Enigma code during World War II and for his pioneering work in computer science. Turing was born in London, England and showed a strong ____ for mathematics and science from an early age. He went on to study at King's College, Cambridge, where he received a degree in mathematics. After ____, he began working for the British ____ on cryptography and code breaking, which led him to his ____ work at Bletchley Park during the war. Turing's work at Bletchley Park was critical in cracking the German Enigma ____, which helped the ____ win the war. He was also a key member of the team that ____ the first programmable computer, known as the Colossus, which was used to decipher German messages. After the war, Turing continued to work in computer science and ____ intelligence. He wrote a paper in 1950 outlining the concept of what is now known as the Turing Test, a measure of a machine's ____ to exhibit intelligent ____ that is indistinguishable from a human. In 1952, Turing was ____ of homosexuality, which was then a ____ in the UK. He was forced to undergo chemical castration and was stripped of his security clearance. He ____ suicide two years later at the age of 41. In 2009, then-British Prime Minister Gordon Brown issued a public ____ on behalf of the British government for the way Turing was treated. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a ____ pardon.

Alan Turing

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