to talk about states, single or repeated actions over a long period of time up to the present (often with ever/never): I’ve always dreamt of visiting New York, Have you ever beento Ireland?, I’ve only been skiing once since I moved to Spain, He’s missed at least ten of the classes this term, This is only the second time I’ve travelled by plane, It’s one of the most disgusting meals I’ve ever eaten, to talk about recent single actions with a present result (often with just, already, yet): I’ve already started making spaghetti for dinner, so I don’t want to go out, Have you finished reading ‘The Road to Riverton’ yet?, I’ve just got backfrom Australia, In American English it is acceptable to use the past simple in sentences like these: Did you eat yet? I already ate., to talk about an unfinished period of time up to the present (often with for/since, this week/month/year): Irene has lived in Abu Dhabi for just over a year, they’ve been married since early last year, I’ve always hated long-haul flights, She’s refused to eat meat since she saw a film about animal rights, We haven’t seen him for a couple of months,

Present perfect simple

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