Openings and closings - Formulaic utterances that show the start and end of a conversation or speech, e.g. Hello; Ladies and Gentlemen; Thank you for listening, See ya, etc, Adjacency pairs - Pairs of interactions that relate to one another (adjacent = next to), such as questions and answers or greetings and responses. Formulaic and predictable., Overlapping speech - Utterances spoken over the top of one another. Could reflect spontaneity, could indicate intimacy of speakers, could be an interruption, Interrogative tags - a clause at the end of a declarative sentence that makes it a question. e.g. You can, can't you?, Discourse Particles - Words with a conversational function. Could be to hedge (kind of, I mean, like), topic shift (so, now), topic loop (anyway),to emphasise new/important information (like), Non fluency features - Pauses, filled pauses / voiced hesitations, False starts, repairs and repeats. These reflect the CONTEXT of the discourse.,

Spoken discourse features

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